Research/Research and development spending · Italy
Research and development spending in Italy: 1.41% of GDP in 2024
Reference period: 2024 · Published: 29 Sept 2026
- Hash recorded
1.41% of GDP
+0.04 points on 2023.
Research and development spending · % of GDP
Values as published by the source, at current prices.
The vertical axis does not start at zero.
Data table
| Status | Crises | Governments | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 1.41 | final | Meloni government | |
| 2023 | 1.37 | final | Meloni government | |
| 2022 | 1.37 | final | Energy crisis | Draghi government, Meloni government |
| 2021 | 1.41 | final | COVID-19 pandemic | Conte II government, Draghi government |
| 2020 | 1.50 | final | COVID-19 pandemic | Conte II government |
| 2019 | 1.46 | final | Conte I government, Conte II government | |
| 2018 | 1.42 | final | Gentiloni government, Conte I government | |
| 2017 | 1.36 | final | Gentiloni government | |
| 2016 | 1.36 | final | Renzi government, Gentiloni government | |
| 2015 | 1.33 | final | Renzi government | |
| 2014 | 1.33 | final | Letta government, Renzi government | |
| 2013 | 1.29 | final | Monti government, Letta government | |
| 2012 | 1.26 | final | Sovereign debt crisis | Monti government |
| 2011 | 1.20 | final | Sovereign debt crisis | Berlusconi IV government, Monti government |
| 2010 | 1.21 | final | Berlusconi IV government | |
| 2009 | 1.21 | final | Financial crisis | Berlusconi IV government |
| 2008 | 1.16 | final | Financial crisis | Prodi II government, Berlusconi IV government |
| 2007 | 1.12 | final | Prodi II government | |
| 2006 | 1.08 | final | Berlusconi III government, Prodi II government | |
| 2005 | 1.04 | final | Berlusconi II government, Berlusconi III government | |
| 2004 | 1.05 | final | Berlusconi II government | |
| 2003 | 1.06 | final | Berlusconi II government | |
| 2002 | 1.08 | final | Berlusconi II government | |
| 2001 | 1.04 | final | Amato II government, Berlusconi II government | |
| 2000 | 1.00 | final | D'Alema II government, Amato II government | |
| 1999 | 0.98 | final | D'Alema II government | |
| 1998 | 1.00 | final | ||
| 1997 | 0.99 | final | ||
| 1996 | 0.94 | final | ||
| 1995 | 0.93 | final |
EU comparison · Nominal (% of GDP)
Same lens as the main chart: changing it here changes it above too. Context layers are those of the main country. Each country is read in the release published on the same date.
Data table
| 2024 | 1.41 | 3.12 | 2.18 | 1.50 | 2.26 |
| 2023 | 1.37 | 3.10 | 2.17 | 1.49 | 2.25 |
| 2022 | 1.37 | 3.03 | 2.22 | 1.40 | 2.22 |
| 2021 | 1.41 | 3.05 | 2.21 | 1.40 | 2.24 |
| 2020 | 1.50 | 3.06 | 2.27 | 1.40 | 2.28 |
| 2019 | 1.46 | 3.09 | 2.20 | 1.24 | 2.21 |
| 2018 | 1.42 | 3.03 | 2.20 | 1.23 | 2.17 |
| 2017 | 1.36 | 2.98 | 2.20 | 1.20 | 2.14 |
| 2016 | 1.36 | 2.88 | 2.22 | 1.18 | 2.10 |
| 2015 | 1.33 | 2.87 | 2.22 | 1.21 | 2.10 |
| 2014 | 1.33 | 2.82 | 2.22 | 1.23 | 2.09 |
| 2013 | 1.29 | 2.78 | 2.23 | 1.27 | 2.08 |
| 2012 | 1.26 | 2.82 | 2.23 | 1.29 | 2.06 |
| 2011 | 1.20 | 2.75 | 2.19 | 1.33 | 2.00 |
| 2010 | 1.21 | 2.68 | 2.18 | 1.35 | 1.96 |
| 2009 | 1.21 | 2.69 | 2.21 | 1.36 | 1.96 |
| 2008 | 1.16 | 2.57 | 2.06 | 1.32 | 1.87 |
| 2007 | 1.12 | 2.42 | 2.03 | 1.24 | 1.79 |
| 2006 | 1.08 | 2.43 | 2.05 | 1.18 | 1.80 |
| 2005 | 1.04 | 2.40 | 2.06 | 1.10 | 1.78 |
| 2004 | 1.05 | 2.40 | 2.10 | 1.04 | 1.79 |
| 2003 | 1.06 | 2.44 | 2.13 | 1.02 | 1.82 |
| 2002 | 1.08 | 2.41 | 2.19 | 0.96 | 1.83 |
| 2001 | 1.04 | 2.38 | 2.15 | 0.89 | 1.82 |
| 2000 | 1.00 | 2.39 | 2.10 | 0.88 | 1.81 |
| 1999 | 0.98 | 2.33 | 2.12 | 0.84 | 1.78 |
| 1998 | 1.00 | 2.21 | 2.10 | 0.85 | 1.73 |
| 1997 | 0.99 | 2.18 | 2.15 | 0.78 | 1.72 |
| 1996 | 0.94 | 2.14 | 2.23 | 0.79 | 1.72 |
| 1995 | 0.93 | 2.13 | 2.25 | 0.77 | 1.73 |
| 1994 | – | 2.12 | 2.28 | – | – |
| 1993 | – | 2.20 | 2.33 | – | – |
| 1992 | – | 2.26 | 2.30 | – | – |
| 1991 | – | 2.38 | 2.30 | – | – |
| 1990 | – | 2.61 | 2.30 | – | – |
| 1989 | – | 2.71 | 2.21 | – | – |
| 1988 | – | 2.73 | 2.17 | – | – |
| 1987 | – | 2.73 | 2.18 | – | – |
| 1986 | – | 2.63 | 2.14 | – | – |
| 1985 | – | 2.59 | 2.15 | – | – |
| 1984 | – | 2.43 | 2.10 | – | – |
| 1983 | – | 2.41 | 2.01 | – | – |
| 1982 | – | 2.42 | 1.97 | – | – |
| 1981 | – | 2.35 | 1.89 | – | – |
What it measures
Research and development spending by business, government, universities and non-profits, as a percentage of GDP. Version published by Eurostat on 29 September 2026.
Methodology
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) of all sectors (business, government, higher education, private non-profit), as a percentage of GDP, following the OECD Frascati Manual.
Source
Eurostat · Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector
rd_e_gerdtot
Downloaded on 28 Oct 2026 · CC BY 4.0
Release SHA-256 hash
503ec3c302e3140d23566e1f5254f267c5d0aa3510bfa92a69749c2c67d307f6
Context layers and attribution rules
Crises
Conventional whole-year periods chosen by the editors; each period's source documents the event. They apply to every EU country. They show temporal coincidences, not causes.
4 periods with source
- Financial crisis1 Jan 2008 – 31 Dec 2009
- Sovereign debt crisis1 Jan 2011 – 31 Dec 2012
- COVID-19 pandemic1 Jan 2020 – 31 Dec 2021
- Energy crisis1 Jan 2022 – 31 Dec 2022
Governments
Each government covers the period from its swearing-in to the end date given by governo.it. An annual figure is not attributed to a single government: the bands show who was in office during the period, as a temporal coincidence. For public spending, the budget law for year N is passed by the government in office in year N−1.
14 periods with source
- D'Alema II government22 Dec 1999 – 25 Apr 2000
- Amato II government25 Apr 2000 – 11 Jun 2001
- Berlusconi II government11 Jun 2001 – 23 Apr 2005
- Berlusconi III government23 Apr 2005 – 17 May 2006
- Prodi II government17 May 2006 – 6 May 2008
- Berlusconi IV government8 May 2008 – 16 Nov 2011
- Monti government16 Nov 2011 – 27 Apr 2013
- Letta government28 Apr 2013 – 21 Feb 2014
- Renzi government22 Feb 2014 – 12 Dec 2016
- Gentiloni government12 Dec 2016 – 1 Jun 2018
- Conte I government1 Jun 2018 – 4 Sept 2019
- Conte II government5 Sept 2019 – 13 Feb 2021
- Draghi government13 Feb 2021 – 22 Oct 2022
- Meloni government22 Oct 2022 – in office
Release history
Every release stays published as it was. Differences are computed against the release published before it.
Values revised since the release of 19 Mar 2019
| Reference period | Before | After | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 0.94 | 0.93 | −0.01 pts |
| 1996 | 0.95 | 0.94 | −0.01 pts |
| 1998 | 1.01 | 1.00 | −0.01 pts |
| 2000 | 1.01 | 1.00 | −0.01 pts |
| 2005 | 1.05 | 1.04 | −0.01 pts |
| 2006 | 1.09 | 1.08 | −0.01 pts |
| 2007 | 1.13 | 1.12 | −0.01 pts |
| 2009 | 1.22 | 1.21 | −0.01 pts |
| 2010 | 1.22 | 1.21 | −0.01 pts |
| 2011 | 1.21 | 1.20 | −0.01 pts |
| 2012 | 1.27 | 1.26 | −0.01 pts |
| 2013 | 1.31 | 1.29 | −0.02 pts |
| 2014 | 1.34 | 1.33 | −0.01 pts |
| 2015 | 1.34 | 1.33 | −0.01 pts |
| 2016 | 1.37 | 1.36 | −0.01 pts |
| 2017 | 1.35 | 1.36 | +0.01 pts |