Research/Research and development spending · Italy
Research and development spending in Italy: 1.35% of GDP in 2017
Reference period: 2017 · Published: 19 Mar 2019
- Provisional
- Hash recorded
1.35% of GDP
−0.02 points on 2016. Provisional figure.
Research and development spending · % of GDP
Values as published by the source, at current prices.
The vertical axis does not start at zero.
Data table
| Status | Crises | Governments | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 1.35 | provisional | Gentiloni government | |
| 2016 | 1.37 | final | Renzi government, Gentiloni government | |
| 2015 | 1.34 | final | Renzi government | |
| 2014 | 1.34 | final | Letta government, Renzi government | |
| 2013 | 1.31 | final | Monti government, Letta government | |
| 2012 | 1.27 | final | Sovereign debt crisis | Monti government |
| 2011 | 1.21 | final | Sovereign debt crisis | Berlusconi IV government, Monti government |
| 2010 | 1.22 | final | Berlusconi IV government | |
| 2009 | 1.22 | final | Financial crisis | Berlusconi IV government |
| 2008 | 1.16 | final | Financial crisis | Prodi II government, Berlusconi IV government |
| 2007 | 1.13 | final | Prodi II government | |
| 2006 | 1.09 | final | Berlusconi III government, Prodi II government | |
| 2005 | 1.05 | final | Berlusconi II government, Berlusconi III government | |
| 2004 | 1.05 | final | Berlusconi II government | |
| 2003 | 1.06 | final | Berlusconi II government | |
| 2002 | 1.08 | final | Berlusconi II government | |
| 2001 | 1.04 | final | Amato II government, Berlusconi II government | |
| 2000 | 1.01 | final | D'Alema II government, Amato II government | |
| 1999 | 0.98 | final | D'Alema II government | |
| 1998 | 1.01 | final | ||
| 1997 | 0.99 | final | ||
| 1996 | 0.95 | final | ||
| 1995 | 0.94 | final |
EU comparison · Nominal (% of GDP)
Same lens as the main chart: changing it here changes it above too. Context layers are those of the main country. Each country is read in the release published on the same date. No data published up to this date for: EU-27.
Data table
| 2017 | 1.35 | 3.02 | 2.19 | 1.20 |
| 2016 | 1.37 | 2.92 | 2.25 | 1.19 |
| 2015 | 1.34 | 2.91 | 2.27 | 1.22 |
| 2014 | 1.34 | 2.87 | 2.23 | 1.24 |
| 2013 | 1.31 | 2.82 | 2.24 | 1.27 |
| 2012 | 1.27 | 2.87 | 2.23 | 1.29 |
| 2011 | 1.21 | 2.80 | 2.19 | 1.33 |
| 2010 | 1.22 | 2.71 | 2.18 | 1.35 |
| 2009 | 1.22 | 2.72 | 2.21 | 1.35 |
| 2008 | 1.16 | 2.60 | 2.06 | 1.32 |
| 2007 | 1.13 | 2.45 | 2.02 | 1.23 |
| 2006 | 1.09 | 2.46 | 2.05 | 1.17 |
| 2005 | 1.05 | 2.43 | 2.05 | 1.10 |
| 2004 | 1.05 | 2.43 | 2.09 | 1.04 |
| 2003 | 1.06 | 2.47 | 2.12 | 1.02 |
| 2002 | 1.08 | 2.42 | 2.17 | 0.96 |
| 2001 | 1.04 | 2.40 | 2.14 | 0.89 |
| 2000 | 1.01 | 2.40 | 2.09 | 0.89 |
| 1999 | 0.98 | 2.34 | 2.11 | 0.84 |
| 1998 | 1.01 | 2.21 | 2.09 | 0.85 |
| 1997 | 0.99 | 2.18 | 2.15 | 0.78 |
| 1996 | 0.95 | 2.14 | 2.22 | 0.79 |
| 1995 | 0.94 | 2.13 | 2.24 | 0.77 |
| 1994 | – | 2.13 | 2.27 | – |
| 1993 | – | 2.21 | 2.32 | – |
| 1992 | – | 2.28 | 2.28 | – |
| 1991 | – | 2.40 | 2.28 | – |
| 1990 | – | – | 2.27 | – |
| 1989 | – | – | 2.19 | – |
| 1988 | – | – | 2.15 | – |
| 1987 | – | – | 2.16 | – |
| 1986 | – | – | 2.12 | – |
| 1985 | – | – | 2.13 | – |
| 1984 | – | – | 2.07 | – |
| 1983 | – | – | 1.98 | – |
| 1982 | – | – | 1.95 | – |
| 1981 | – | – | 1.87 | – |
Descriptive analysis not yet available for this lens.
What it measures
Research and development spending by business, government, universities and non-profits, as a percentage of GDP. Version published by Eurostat on 19 March 2019, retrieved from a copy kept by the Internet Archive.
Methodology
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) of all sectors (business, government, higher education, private non-profit), as a percentage of GDP, following the OECD Frascati Manual.
Source
Eurostat · Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector
rd_e_gerdtot
Downloaded on 28 Oct 2026 · CC BY 4.0 · Archived copy
Release SHA-256 hash
34fd731cdfb667acb1c4b8c0ed798f403676dc6b0901a158587e56e3b53d5961
Context layers and attribution rules
Crises
Conventional whole-year periods chosen by the editors; each period's source documents the event. They apply to every EU country. They show temporal coincidences, not causes.
4 periods with source
- Financial crisis1 Jan 2008 – 31 Dec 2009
- Sovereign debt crisis1 Jan 2011 – 31 Dec 2012
- COVID-19 pandemic1 Jan 2020 – 31 Dec 2021
- Energy crisis1 Jan 2022 – 31 Dec 2022
Governments
Each government covers the period from its swearing-in to the end date given by governo.it. An annual figure is not attributed to a single government: the bands show who was in office during the period, as a temporal coincidence. For public spending, the budget law for year N is passed by the government in office in year N−1.
14 periods with source
- D'Alema II government22 Dec 1999 – 25 Apr 2000
- Amato II government25 Apr 2000 – 11 Jun 2001
- Berlusconi II government11 Jun 2001 – 23 Apr 2005
- Berlusconi III government23 Apr 2005 – 17 May 2006
- Prodi II government17 May 2006 – 6 May 2008
- Berlusconi IV government8 May 2008 – 16 Nov 2011
- Monti government16 Nov 2011 – 27 Apr 2013
- Letta government28 Apr 2013 – 21 Feb 2014
- Renzi government22 Feb 2014 – 12 Dec 2016
- Gentiloni government12 Dec 2016 – 1 Jun 2018
- Conte I government1 Jun 2018 – 4 Sept 2019
- Conte II government5 Sept 2019 – 13 Feb 2021
- Draghi government13 Feb 2021 – 22 Oct 2022
- Meloni government22 Oct 2022 – in office
Release history
Every release stays published as it was. Differences are computed against the release published before it.