Growth and jobs/Real GDP growth · Italy

GDP in Italy: +0.2% in the second quarter of 2026 on the previous quarter

Reference period: second quarter of 2026 · Published: 22 Oct 2026

Hash recorded

+0.2% q/q

In the first quarter of 2026 the change was +0.3%. In volume terms, seasonally adjusted.

Real GDP growth · % q/q

Values as published by the source, at current prices.

Data table

Real GDP growth · % q/q
		Status	Crises	Governments
second quarter of 2026	+0.2	final		Meloni government
first quarter of 2026	+0.3	final		Meloni government
fourth quarter of 2025	+0.3	final		Meloni government
third quarter of 2025	+0.2	final		Meloni government
second quarter of 2025	0.0	final		Meloni government
first quarter of 2025	+0.4	final		Meloni government
fourth quarter of 2024	+0.1	final		Meloni government
third quarter of 2024	+0.1	final		Meloni government
second quarter of 2024	+0.3	final		Meloni government
first quarter of 2024	+0.1	final		Meloni government
fourth quarter of 2023	+0.5	final		Meloni government
third quarter of 2023	+0.2	final		Meloni government
second quarter of 2023	0.0	final		Meloni government
first quarter of 2023	+0.6	final		Meloni government
fourth quarter of 2022	−0.2	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government, Meloni government
third quarter of 2022	+0.2	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government
second quarter of 2022	+1.6	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government
first quarter of 2022	+0.7	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government
fourth quarter of 2021	+1.6	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Draghi government
third quarter of 2021	+2.6	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Draghi government
second quarter of 2021	+2.6	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Draghi government
first quarter of 2021	+1.6	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government, Draghi government
fourth quarter of 2020	+0.5	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
third quarter of 2020	+14.2	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
second quarter of 2020	−12.6	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
first quarter of 2020	−5.4	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
fourth quarter of 2019	−0.4	final		Conte II government
third quarter of 2019	−0.5	final		Conte I government, Conte II government
second quarter of 2019	+0.4	final		Conte I government
first quarter of 2019	+0.1	final		Conte I government
fourth quarter of 2018	+0.4	final		Conte I government
third quarter of 2018	+0.1	final		Conte I government
second quarter of 2018	+0.3	final		Gentiloni government, Conte I government
first quarter of 2018	−0.2	final		Gentiloni government
fourth quarter of 2017	+0.6	final		Gentiloni government
third quarter of 2017	+0.2	final		Gentiloni government
second quarter of 2017	+0.4	final		Gentiloni government
first quarter of 2017	+0.5	final		Gentiloni government
fourth quarter of 2016	+0.4	final		Renzi government, Gentiloni government
third quarter of 2016	+0.8	final		Renzi government
second quarter of 2016	+0.4	final		Renzi government
first quarter of 2016	+0.1	final		Renzi government
fourth quarter of 2015	+0.6	final		Renzi government
third quarter of 2015	+0.2	final		Renzi government
second quarter of 2015	+0.5	final		Renzi government
first quarter of 2015	+0.3	final		Renzi government
fourth quarter of 2014	−0.1	final		Renzi government
third quarter of 2014	0.0	final		Renzi government
second quarter of 2014	0.0	final		Renzi government
first quarter of 2014	−0.1	final		Letta government, Renzi government
fourth quarter of 2013	−0.1	final		Letta government
third quarter of 2013	+0.4	final		Letta government
second quarter of 2013	+0.1	final		Monti government, Letta government
first quarter of 2013	−0.9	final		Monti government
fourth quarter of 2012	−0.6	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
third quarter of 2012	−0.6	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
second quarter of 2012	−0.8	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
first quarter of 2012	−1.1	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
fourth quarter of 2011	−0.9	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government, Monti government
third quarter of 2011	−0.4	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government
second quarter of 2011	−0.2	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government
first quarter of 2011	+0.4	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government
fourth quarter of 2010	+0.9	final		Berlusconi IV government
third quarter of 2010	+0.4	final		Berlusconi IV government
second quarter of 2010	+0.7	final		Berlusconi IV government
first quarter of 2010	+0.4	final		Berlusconi IV government
fourth quarter of 2009	+0.2	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
third quarter of 2009	+0.4	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
second quarter of 2009	−0.6	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
first quarter of 2009	−2.4	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
fourth quarter of 2008	−2.3	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
third quarter of 2008	−1.5	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
second quarter of 2008	−0.9	final	Financial crisis	Prodi II government, Berlusconi IV government
first quarter of 2008	+1.1	final	Financial crisis	Prodi II government
fourth quarter of 2007	−0.2	final		Prodi II government
third quarter of 2007	0.0	final		Prodi II government
second quarter of 2007	+0.2	final		Prodi II government
first quarter of 2007	−0.1	final		Prodi II government
fourth quarter of 2006	+1.4	final		Prodi II government
third quarter of 2006	+0.3	final		Prodi II government
second quarter of 2006	+0.3	final		Berlusconi III government, Prodi II government
first quarter of 2006	+0.3	final		Berlusconi III government
fourth quarter of 2005	+0.5	final		Berlusconi III government
third quarter of 2005	+0.5	final		Berlusconi III government
second quarter of 2005	+0.8	final		Berlusconi II government, Berlusconi III government
first quarter of 2005	−0.1	final		Berlusconi II government
fourth quarter of 2004	+0.2	final		Berlusconi II government
third quarter of 2004	+0.1	final		Berlusconi II government
second quarter of 2004	+0.3	final		Berlusconi II government
first quarter of 2004	+0.3	final		Berlusconi II government
fourth quarter of 2003	+1.0	final		Berlusconi II government
third quarter of 2003	−0.2	final		Berlusconi II government
second quarter of 2003	−0.2	final		Berlusconi II government
first quarter of 2003	−0.4	final		Berlusconi II government
fourth quarter of 2002	+0.6	final		Berlusconi II government
third quarter of 2002	+0.1	final		Berlusconi II government
second quarter of 2002	+0.4	final		Berlusconi II government
first quarter of 2002	+0.1	final		Berlusconi II government
fourth quarter of 2001	−0.2	final		Berlusconi II government
third quarter of 2001	−0.4	final		Berlusconi II government
second quarter of 2001	−0.1	final		Amato II government, Berlusconi II government
first quarter of 2001	+0.9	final		Amato II government
fourth quarter of 2000	+1.0	final		Amato II government
third quarter of 2000	+0.9	final		Amato II government
second quarter of 2000	+0.6	final		D'Alema II government, Amato II government
first quarter of 2000	+1.2	final		D'Alema II government
fourth quarter of 1999	+1.6	final		D'Alema II government
third quarter of 1999	+1.1	final
second quarter of 1999	+0.4	final
first quarter of 1999	+0.5	final
fourth quarter of 1998	−0.4	final
third quarter of 1998	+0.1	final
second quarter of 1998	+0.6	final
first quarter of 1998	−0.5	final
fourth quarter of 1997	+1.5	final
third quarter of 1997	+0.4	final
second quarter of 1997	+1.7	final
first quarter of 1997	+0.3	final
fourth quarter of 1996	−0.4	final
third quarter of 1996	+0.2	final
second quarter of 1996	+0.1	final

EU comparison · Nominal (% q/q)

Same lens as the main chart: changing it here changes it above too. Context layers are those of the main country. Each country is read in the release published on the same date.

Data table

EU comparison · Nominal (% q/q)

second quarter of 2026	+0.2	+0.3	0.0	+0.7	+0.7
first quarter of 2026	+0.3	+0.4	−0.2	+0.6	+0.1
fourth quarter of 2025	+0.3	+0.3	+0.3	+0.7	+0.3
third quarter of 2025	+0.2	0.0	+0.4	+0.6	+0.4
second quarter of 2025	0.0	0.0	+0.2	+0.7	+0.1
first quarter of 2025	+0.4	+0.1	+0.2	+0.5	+0.4
fourth quarter of 2024	+0.1	+0.2	0.0	+0.7	+0.4
third quarter of 2024	+0.1	+0.1	+0.4	+0.8	+0.5
second quarter of 2024	+0.3	−0.1	+0.2	+0.9	+0.3
first quarter of 2024	+0.1	+0.2	+0.2	+1.3	+0.6
fourth quarter of 2023	+0.5	−0.3	+0.5	+0.8	0.0
third quarter of 2023	+0.2	+0.2	+0.4	+0.8	+0.3
second quarter of 2023	0.0	−0.1	+0.9	+0.1	+0.1
first quarter of 2023	+0.6	−0.7	+0.1	+0.4	0.0
fourth quarter of 2022	−0.2	−0.3	+0.4	+0.5	−0.2
third quarter of 2022	+0.2	+0.3	+0.5	+0.8	+0.5
second quarter of 2022	+1.6	+0.1	+0.4	+1.7	+0.8
first quarter of 2022	+0.7	+0.8	0.0	+1.6	+0.7
fourth quarter of 2021	+1.6	+0.5	+0.5	+2.0	+0.9
third quarter of 2021	+2.6	+0.2	+3.0	+2.0	+1.8
second quarter of 2021	+2.6	+2.3	+1.2	+1.4	+2.1
first quarter of 2021	+1.6	−0.5	+0.4	+1.2	+1.0
fourth quarter of 2020	+0.5	+0.8	0.0	+0.7	+0.4
third quarter of 2020	+14.2	+8.8	+15.1	+15.9	+10.8
second quarter of 2020	−12.6	−8.9	−12.2	−17.8	−10.8
first quarter of 2020	−5.4	−1.9	−5.0	−5.2	−2.8
fourth quarter of 2019	−0.4	−0.5	−0.5	+0.6	0.0
third quarter of 2019	−0.5	+0.5	0.0	+0.2	+0.3
second quarter of 2019	+0.4	0.0	+0.5	+0.3	+0.4
first quarter of 2019	+0.1	+0.7	+0.9	+0.6	+0.8
fourth quarter of 2018	+0.4	+0.4	+0.7	+0.6	+0.6
third quarter of 2018	+0.1	−0.4	+0.6	+0.6	+0.3
second quarter of 2018	+0.3	+0.7	+0.2	+0.7	+0.6
first quarter of 2018	−0.2	−0.5	−0.1	+0.4	+0.2
fourth quarter of 2017	+0.6	+1.0	+0.6	+0.6	+0.8
third quarter of 2017	+0.2	+0.8	+0.8	+0.6	+0.8
second quarter of 2017	+0.4	+0.8	+0.7	+1.0	+0.8
first quarter of 2017	+0.5	+1.3	+0.7	+0.7	+0.8
fourth quarter of 2016	+0.4	+0.5	+0.6	+0.6	+0.8
third quarter of 2016	+0.8	+0.4	+0.2	+0.8	+0.5
second quarter of 2016	+0.4	+0.3	−0.3	+0.3	+0.3
first quarter of 2016	+0.1	+0.9	+0.3	+0.7	+0.5
fourth quarter of 2015	+0.6	+0.5	+0.3	+0.9	+0.5
third quarter of 2015	+0.2	+0.5	+0.3	+0.9	+0.4
second quarter of 2015	+0.5	+0.6	0.0	+1.1	+0.5
first quarter of 2015	+0.3	−0.2	+0.6	+1.2	+0.9
fourth quarter of 2014	−0.1	+0.8	−0.3	+1.0	+0.4
third quarter of 2014	0.0	+0.5	+0.7	+0.8	+0.5
second quarter of 2014	0.0	+0.1	+0.2	+0.5	+0.3
first quarter of 2014	−0.1	+1.1	0.0	+0.4	+0.5
fourth quarter of 2013	−0.1	+0.2	+0.6	+0.2	+0.3
third quarter of 2013	+0.4	+0.4	−0.2	−0.1	+0.3
second quarter of 2013	+0.1	+1.3	+0.9	−0.1	+0.7
first quarter of 2013	−0.9	−0.5	+0.2	−0.3	−0.2
fourth quarter of 2012	−0.6	−0.3	−0.1	−0.8	−0.4
third quarter of 2012	−0.6	+0.1	+0.3	−0.5	−0.1
second quarter of 2012	−0.8	+0.1	−0.4	−1.0	−0.3
first quarter of 2012	−1.1	+0.3	0.0	−0.9	−0.1
fourth quarter of 2011	−0.9	0.0	+0.3	−0.6	−0.4
third quarter of 2011	−0.4	+0.5	+0.3	−0.6	+0.1
second quarter of 2011	−0.2	+0.3	0.0	−0.3	+0.1
first quarter of 2011	+0.4	+1.8	+1.3	−0.1	+1.0
fourth quarter of 2010	+0.9	+0.6	+0.6	+0.1	+0.6
third quarter of 2010	+0.4	+1.0	+0.7	−0.1	+0.5
second quarter of 2010	+0.7	+2.2	+0.5	+0.1	+1.0
first quarter of 2010	+0.4	+0.7	+0.3	−0.1	+0.3
fourth quarter of 2009	+0.2	+0.8	+0.7	0.0	+0.5
third quarter of 2009	+0.4	+0.6	+0.2	+0.2	+0.4
second quarter of 2009	−0.6	+0.2	+0.2	+0.1	0.0
first quarter of 2009	−2.4	−4.7	−1.9	−2.7	−2.9
fourth quarter of 2008	−2.3	−1.5	−1.3	−1.6	−1.7
third quarter of 2008	−1.5	−0.5	−0.2	−0.2	−0.5
second quarter of 2008	−0.9	−0.4	−0.8	0.0	−0.4
first quarter of 2008	+1.1	+0.5	+0.9	+0.2	+0.6
fourth quarter of 2007	−0.2	+0.8	0.0	+0.6	+0.6
third quarter of 2007	0.0	+0.5	+0.3	+0.7	+0.5
second quarter of 2007	+0.2	+0.7	+0.7	+0.9	+0.7
first quarter of 2007	−0.1	+0.1	+1.0	+0.9	+0.8
fourth quarter of 2006	+1.4	+1.5	+0.5	+0.9	+1.1
third quarter of 2006	+0.3	+0.8	+0.1	+0.9	+0.6
second quarter of 2006	+0.3	+1.7	+1.2	+0.9	+1.2
first quarter of 2006	+0.3	+1.1	+0.9	+1.2	+1.0
fourth quarter of 2005	+0.5	+0.4	+0.7	+1.0	+0.8
third quarter of 2005	+0.5	+0.8	+0.8	+1.0	+0.8
second quarter of 2005	+0.8	+0.6	+0.2	+0.9	+0.7
first quarter of 2005	−0.1	+0.2	+0.3	+0.9	+0.3
fourth quarter of 2004	+0.2	−0.1	+0.9	+0.7	+0.5
third quarter of 2004	+0.1	−0.3	+0.4	+0.8	+0.3
second quarter of 2004	+0.3	+0.6	+0.4	+1.1	+0.7
first quarter of 2004	+0.3	−0.2	+1.0	+0.6	+0.7
fourth quarter of 2003	+1.0	+0.1	+0.4	+0.8	+0.7
third quarter of 2003	−0.2	+0.9	+1.1	+0.7	+0.6
second quarter of 2003	−0.2	+0.2	−0.4	+0.4	+0.1
first quarter of 2003	−0.4	−1.4	+0.3	+1.0	−0.2
fourth quarter of 2002	+0.6	−0.2	+0.1	+0.8	+0.2
third quarter of 2002	+0.1	+0.6	+0.4	+0.6	+0.4
second quarter of 2002	+0.4	+0.4	+0.5	+0.8	+0.5
first quarter of 2002	+0.1	−0.5	+0.6	+0.5	+0.3
fourth quarter of 2001	−0.2	−0.3	−0.4	+0.6	0.0
third quarter of 2001	−0.4	0.0	+0.6	+1.0	+0.2
second quarter of 2001	−0.1	−0.2	0.0	+0.8	+0.1
first quarter of 2001	+0.9	+2.1	+0.5	+1.0	+1.0
fourth quarter of 2000	+1.0	−0.4	+0.6	+1.1	+0.6
third quarter of 2000	+0.9	0.0	+0.8	+1.0	+0.6
second quarter of 2000	+0.6	+0.8	+1.1	+1.3	+1.0
first quarter of 2000	+1.2	+1.6	+0.9	+1.6	+1.2
fourth quarter of 1999	+1.6	+0.5	+1.4	+1.1	+1.1
third quarter of 1999	+1.1	+1.3	+1.5	+1.4	+1.3
second quarter of 1999	+0.4	−0.1	+0.6	+1.1	+0.5
first quarter of 1999	+0.5	+1.2	+0.7	+1.0	+0.9
fourth quarter of 1998	−0.4	−0.1	+0.7	+1.0	+0.4
third quarter of 1998	+0.1	+0.4	+0.5	+1.0	+0.6
second quarter of 1998	+0.6	−0.4	+0.7	+1.1	+0.4
first quarter of 1998	−0.5	+0.9	+1.0	+0.8	+0.7
fourth quarter of 1997	+1.5	+0.7	+1.0	+1.4	+1.1
third quarter of 1997	+0.4	+0.3	+1.0	+1.1	+0.7
second quarter of 1997	+1.7	+1.2	+1.0	+0.9	+1.2
first quarter of 1997	+0.3	−0.5	+0.4	+1.0	+0.4
fourth quarter of 1996	−0.4	+0.9	+0.4	+0.5	+0.5
third quarter of 1996	+0.2	+0.3	+0.4	+0.8	+0.4
second quarter of 1996	+0.1	+1.4	+0.2	+0.7	+0.8
first quarter of 1996	–	−0.7	+0.7	+0.6	+0.3
fourth quarter of 1995	–	+0.1	0.0	+0.8	+0.3
third quarter of 1995	–	+0.2	+0.2	+0.4	+0.3
second quarter of 1995	–	+0.9	+0.7	+0.7	+0.8
first quarter of 1995	–	−0.4	+0.5	–	–
fourth quarter of 1994	–	+1.1	+0.9	–	–
third quarter of 1994	–	+0.6	+0.9	–	–
second quarter of 1994	–	+0.6	+1.0	–	–
first quarter of 1994	–	+1.4	+0.7	–	–
fourth quarter of 1993	–	−0.1	+0.3	–	–
third quarter of 1993	–	+0.6	+0.1	–	–
second quarter of 1993	–	0.0	0.0	–	–
first quarter of 1993	–	−0.8	−0.5	–	–
fourth quarter of 1992	–	−0.3	0.0	–	–
third quarter of 1992	–	−0.3	−0.1	–	–
second quarter of 1992	–	−0.6	+0.1	–	–
first quarter of 1992	–	+1.3	+0.7	–	–
fourth quarter of 1991	–	+1.5	+0.5	–	–
third quarter of 1991	–	−0.2	+0.4	–	–
second quarter of 1991	–	−0.5	+0.4	–	–
first quarter of 1991	–	–	+0.3	–	–
fourth quarter of 1990	–	–	0.0	–	–
third quarter of 1990	–	–	+0.6	–	–
second quarter of 1990	–	–	+0.5	–	–
first quarter of 1990	–	–	+0.2	–	–
fourth quarter of 1989	–	–	+1.3	–	–
third quarter of 1989	–	–	+1.1	–	–
second quarter of 1989	–	–	+1.1	–	–
first quarter of 1989	–	–	+1.3	–	–
fourth quarter of 1988	–	–	+0.8	–	–
third quarter of 1988	–	–	+1.3	–	–
second quarter of 1988	–	–	+0.9	–	–
first quarter of 1988	–	–	+1.3	–	–
fourth quarter of 1987	–	–	+1.5	–	–
third quarter of 1987	–	–	+0.7	–	–
second quarter of 1987	–	–	+1.5	–	–
first quarter of 1987	–	–	+0.1	–	–
fourth quarter of 1986	–	–	+0.1	–	–
third quarter of 1986	–	–	+0.5	–	–
second quarter of 1986	–	–	+1.1	–	–
first quarter of 1986	–	–	+0.3	–	–
fourth quarter of 1985	–	–	+0.5	–	–
third quarter of 1985	–	–	+0.6	–	–
second quarter of 1985	–	–	+0.8	–	–
first quarter of 1985	–	–	+0.3	–	–
fourth quarter of 1984	–	–	−0.1	–	–
third quarter of 1984	–	–	+0.6	–	–
second quarter of 1984	–	–	+0.5	–	–
first quarter of 1984	–	–	+0.4	–	–
fourth quarter of 1983	–	–	+0.6	–	–
third quarter of 1983	–	–	+0.2	–	–
second quarter of 1983	–	–	+0.1	–	–
first quarter of 1983	–	–	+0.4	–	–
fourth quarter of 1982	–	–	+0.6	–	–
third quarter of 1982	–	–	−0.1	–	–
second quarter of 1982	–	–	+0.7	–	–
first quarter of 1982	–	–	+0.8	–	–
fourth quarter of 1981	–	–	+0.6	–	–
third quarter of 1981	–	–	+0.7	–	–
second quarter of 1981	–	–	+0.8	–	–
first quarter of 1981	–	–	+0.4	–	–
fourth quarter of 1980	–	–	−0.2	–	–
third quarter of 1980	–	–	+0.2	–	–
second quarter of 1980	–	–	−0.8	–	–

AI-generated analysis, not yet reviewed by the editors

Instructions given to the model · prompt analisi-v2

Full, unedited text, in Italian, the language of our editorial rules. Besides these instructions the model receives only the chart data: values rounded as you see them, precomputed changes and the periods of governments and crises. Every number in the text is then checked against that data, and a text with missing numbers or banned wording is discarded.

Sei l'assistente redazionale di Data Super Partes, un sito che pubblica dati statistici ufficiali su Italia e Unione Europea senza prendere posizione. Scrivi per un lettore non specialista che vuole capire che cosa dicono i dati, non solo leggerli.

## Che cosa ricevi

Un JSON con una serie statistica:

- `scope: "comparison"`: la stessa serie in più paesi (IT, DE, FR, ES ed EU27 = Unione Europea a 27 paesi nel suo insieme: un totale per i livelli, il valore dell'Unione per quote, tassi e valori per abitante), tutti letti nella stessa lente (`lens`);
- `scope: "release"`: un solo paese, letto in più lenti (nominale, reale, % del PIL, per abitante, indice).

Per ogni linea hai i valori già arrotondati come li vede il lettore (`values`), l'unità (`unit`) e le variazioni già calcolate (`changes`: in punti per i tassi, in percentuale per i livelli). `context` elenca governi e crisi in carica nei periodi dei dati.

## Che cosa scrivi

Un'analisi descrittiva in italiano (`it`) e in inglese (`en`), con lo stesso contenuto. Da 3 a 4 paragrafi brevi, separati da una riga vuota; ogni paragrafo ha da 1 a 3 frasi e un solo argomento, nell'ordine:

1. **Il dato**: l'ultimo valore e come cambia rispetto al periodo precedente.
2. **L'andamento**: le fasi della serie nell'intero periodo disponibile (crescita, calo, stabilità, punti di svolta), non solo il primo e l'ultimo valore.
3. **Il confronto**: per `comparison`, dove si colloca l'Italia rispetto agli altri e se le distanze si allargano o si riducono nel tempo; per `release`, che cosa aggiunge ogni lente (per esempio: la spesa cresce a prezzi correnti ma resta stabile in rapporto al PIL, cioè cresce allo stesso ritmo dell'economia).
4. **Il contesto**: i fatti che il lettore deve conoscere per leggere correttamente i dati (vedi la sezione sul contesto). Omettilo solo se nel periodo descritto non c'è nulla di rilevante.

Interpreta i numeri, non elencarli: al massimo 2 o 3 numeri per paragrafo, scelti perché sostengono quello che dici. Non ripetere il valore di ogni paese: il lettore li ha già nel grafico e nella tabella. Descrivi a parole la forma della serie e le posizioni relative. Quando serve, spiega in una frase che cosa misura la lente (per esempio: a prezzi 2015 significa al netto dell'inflazione).

## Il contesto

Il contesto rilevante va sempre riportato, che sia o no la causa di un andamento: un dato letto senza il suo contesto è un dato incompleto. Esempio: se i risultati delle prove scolastiche peggiorano nel 2021, va detto che nello stesso periodo le scuole hanno fatto un lungo periodo di didattica a distanza durante la pandemia, senza dire che ne è la causa e senza dire che non lo è.

È rilevante un fatto che tocca direttamente ciò che la serie misura, nel periodo che descrivi:

- le crisi e i periodi elencati in `context`;
- misure eccezionali documentate (chiusure, sospensioni, tetti ai prezzi, sussidi straordinari);
- leggi o riforme che cambiano ciò che viene misurato (nuove regole, nuovi destinatari, nuove scadenze);
- cambi di metodo o di definizione della serie, interruzioni, cambi dell'anno base.

Usa solo fatti certi e documentati da fonti ufficiali; nel dubbio, ometti. Riporta i fatti rilevanti qualunque lettura sembrino favorire. Descrivi il fatto (che cosa, quando), non il suo giudizio. Chiama leggi e misure con il nome ufficiale o per il loro contenuto, mai con il nome di un politico o di un partito.

## Regole, tutte obbligatorie

1. Descrivi andamenti, livelli, differenze tra paesi o tra lenti, e coincidenze temporali con il contesto. Una coincidenza va chiamata tale ("nello stesso periodo", "coincide con").
2. Vietati i nessi causali ("a causa di", "grazie a", "per effetto di", "dovuto a", "because of", "due to", "driven by"), i giudizi, le previsioni e gli aggettivi o avverbi valutativi (record, preoccupante, finalmente, crollo, boom, drammatico, positivo, negativo).
3. Ogni numero che scrivi deve comparire nel JSON: usa i valori di `values` e `changes` così come sono, senza ricalcolarli, sommarli o arrotondarli in altro modo. Vale anche per gli anni e le date del contesto: se un anno non è nel JSON, descrivi il periodo a parole ("negli stessi anni"). Se un confronto richiede un numero che non c'è, descrivilo a parole senza numero.
4. Ogni variazione ha numero, unità e termine di confronto (es. "+0,2 punti rispetto al 2023").
5. Numeri senza separatore delle migliaia. In italiano la virgola decimale (4,1), in inglese il punto (4.1). Scrivi gli anni in cifre; non scrivere numeri in lettere.
6. Chiama i paesi per nome (Italia, Germania, Francia, Spagna, UE-27 / Italy, Germany, France, Spain, EU-27). Non usare i codici e non chiamare "media" il valore dell'UE-27.
7. Solo testo: paragrafi separati da una riga vuota, senza titoli, elenchi, markdown o virgolette.
8. Scegli che cosa descrivere con i criteri della sezione "Che cosa scrivi", non per sostenere una lettura. Riporta aumenti e diminuzioni con le stesse parole e lo stesso rilievo.
9. Non attribuire a governi, partiti o persone il merito o la responsabilità di un andamento, e non nominare orientamenti politici. Se nomini un governo, nomina con lo stesso criterio tutti i governi in carica nel periodo che descrivi; altrimenti non nominarne nessuno.

In Q2 2026 Italian real GDP grows by 0.2% on the previous quarter, 0.1 points less than in Q1. Growth is lower than in Germany, Spain and the EU-27 and higher than in France, flat at 0.0%.

The Italian series alternates phases of modest growth and phases of decline. GDP falls in every quarter from Q2 2008 to Q2 2009 and from Q3 2011 to Q1 2013. Since Q3 2025 the change has stayed between +0.2% and +0.3%.

During the sovereign debt crisis Italy and Spain show falls in many consecutive quarters, while Germany and France alternate small rises and falls. In Q2 2020 the Italian fall, −12.6%, is close to France's, larger than Germany's and smaller than Spain's.

The 2020 fall coincides with the COVID-19 pandemic and with the business closures adopted in every country from the spring. The figure measures the change on the previous quarter: the Q3 2020 increases, between +8.8% and +15.9%, only partly recover the fall and do not bring GDP back to its level at the end of 2019.

Model claude-opus-5-5 · generated on 27 Oct 2026 · prompt analisi-v2

da4c8f2cfb5054a356feabd293bcf881d96435e3cfc661d53910dff1c4348976

What it measures

Change in GDP volume on the previous quarter, seasonally and calendar adjusted. Version published by Eurostat on 22 October 2026.

Methodology

Percentage change of gross domestic product on the previous quarter, chain-linked volumes, seasonally and calendar adjusted data.

Source

Eurostat · GDP and main components, quarterly data

namq_10_gdp

Downloaded on 26 Oct 2026 · CC BY 4.0

Release SHA-256 hash

2bb97a6ea7537d914a40e596960936b1584e595ac0a906ea5d9cc52e12fcc021

Context layers and attribution rules

Crises
Conventional whole-year periods chosen by the editors; each period's source documents the event. They apply to every EU country. They show temporal coincidences, not causes.
4 periods with source
1. Financial crisis1 Jan 2008 – 31 Dec 2009
2. Sovereign debt crisis1 Jan 2011 – 31 Dec 2012
3. COVID-19 pandemic1 Jan 2020 – 31 Dec 2021
4. Energy crisis1 Jan 2022 – 31 Dec 2022
Governments
Each government covers the period from its swearing-in to the end date given by governo.it. An annual figure is not attributed to a single government: the bands show who was in office during the period, as a temporal coincidence. For public spending, the budget law for year N is passed by the government in office in year N−1.
14 periods with source
1. D'Alema II government22 Dec 1999 – 25 Apr 2000
2. Amato II government25 Apr 2000 – 11 Jun 2001
3. Berlusconi II government11 Jun 2001 – 23 Apr 2005
4. Berlusconi III government23 Apr 2005 – 17 May 2006
5. Prodi II government17 May 2006 – 6 May 2008
6. Berlusconi IV government8 May 2008 – 16 Nov 2011
7. Monti government16 Nov 2011 – 27 Apr 2013
8. Letta government28 Apr 2013 – 21 Feb 2014
9. Renzi government22 Feb 2014 – 12 Dec 2016
10. Gentiloni government12 Dec 2016 – 1 Jun 2018
11. Conte I government1 Jun 2018 – 4 Sept 2019
12. Conte II government5 Sept 2019 – 13 Feb 2021
13. Draghi government13 Feb 2021 – 22 Oct 2022
14. Meloni government22 Oct 2022 – in office

Release history

Every release stays published as it was. Differences are computed against the release published before it.

Values revised since the release of 12 Mar 2025

Reference period	Before	After	Difference
second quarter of 1997	+1.6	+1.7	+0.1 pts
third quarter of 1997	+0.5	+0.4	−0.1 pts
fourth quarter of 1998	−0.3	−0.4	−0.1 pts
third quarter of 1999	+1.0	+1.1	+0.1 pts
fourth quarter of 1999	+1.5	+1.6	+0.1 pts
second quarter of 2000	+0.7	+0.6	−0.1 pts
first quarter of 2001	+0.8	+0.9	+0.1 pts
fourth quarter of 2001	−0.1	−0.2	−0.1 pts
second quarter of 2002	+0.3	+0.4	+0.1 pts
third quarter of 2002	+0.2	+0.1	−0.1 pts
fourth quarter of 2003	+0.9	+1.0	+0.1 pts
first quarter of 2004	+0.4	+0.3	−0.1 pts
fourth quarter of 2004	+0.3	+0.2	−0.1 pts
first quarter of 2005	−0.2	−0.1	+0.1 pts
second quarter of 2005	+0.9	+0.8	−0.1 pts
second quarter of 2006	+0.4	+0.3	−0.1 pts
first quarter of 2007	−0.2	−0.1	+0.1 pts
second quarter of 2007	+0.3	+0.2	−0.1 pts
first quarter of 2008	+1.0	+1.1	+0.1 pts
third quarter of 2009	+0.3	+0.4	+0.1 pts
first quarter of 2010	+0.5	+0.4	−0.1 pts
second quarter of 2010	+0.6	+0.7	+0.1 pts
third quarter of 2010	+0.3	+0.4	+0.1 pts
first quarter of 2011	+0.5	+0.4	−0.1 pts
fourth quarter of 2011	−1.0	−0.9	+0.1 pts
third quarter of 2012	−0.7	−0.6	+0.1 pts
fourth quarter of 2012	−0.7	−0.6	+0.1 pts
second quarter of 2013	0.0	+0.1	+0.1 pts
third quarter of 2013	+0.3	+0.4	+0.1 pts
first quarter of 2014	0.0	−0.1	−0.1 pts
first quarter of 2015	+0.4	+0.3	−0.1 pts
second quarter of 2015	+0.4	+0.5	+0.1 pts
third quarter of 2015	0.0	+0.2	+0.2 pts
fourth quarter of 2015	+0.5	+0.6	+0.1 pts
first quarter of 2016	+0.2	+0.1	−0.1 pts
second quarter of 2016	+0.3	+0.4	+0.1 pts
third quarter of 2016	+0.7	+0.8	+0.1 pts
first quarter of 2017	+0.4	+0.5	+0.1 pts
second quarter of 2018	+0.2	+0.3	+0.1 pts
third quarter of 2018	0.0	+0.1	+0.1 pts
fourth quarter of 2018	+0.3	+0.4	+0.1 pts
first quarter of 2019	+0.2	+0.1	−0.1 pts
second quarter of 2019	+0.3	+0.4	+0.1 pts
third quarter of 2019	−0.4	−0.5	−0.1 pts
first quarter of 2020	−5.8	−5.4	+0.4 pts
second quarter of 2020	−12.3	−12.6	−0.3 pts
third quarter of 2020	+14.4	+14.2	−0.2 pts
fourth quarter of 2020	−0.1	+0.5	+0.6 pts
first quarter of 2021	+1.8	+1.6	−0.2 pts
second quarter of 2021	+2.3	+2.6	+0.3 pts
third quarter of 2021	+2.5	+2.6	+0.1 pts
fourth quarter of 2021	+1.5	+1.6	+0.1 pts
first quarter of 2022	+0.8	+0.7	−0.1 pts
second quarter of 2022	+1.4	+1.6	+0.2 pts
third quarter of 2022	+0.3	+0.2	−0.1 pts
fourth quarter of 2022	−0.1	−0.2	−0.1 pts
second quarter of 2023	−0.3	0.0	+0.3 pts
third quarter of 2023	0.0	+0.2	+0.2 pts
fourth quarter of 2023	+0.2	+0.5	+0.3 pts
first quarter of 2024	+0.3	+0.1	−0.2 pts
second quarter of 2024	+0.1	+0.3	+0.2 pts
third quarter of 2024	0.0	+0.1	+0.1 pts