Growth and jobs/Unemployment rate · Italy

Unemployment in Italy at 6.2% in August 2026

Reference period: August 2026 · Published: 21 Oct 2026

Hash recorded

6.2% of labour force

+0.2 points on July 2026; +0.5 points on August 2025.

Unemployment rate · % of labour force

Values as published by the source, at current prices.

Data table

Unemployment rate · % of labour force
		Status	Crises	Governments
August 2026	6.2	final		Meloni government
July 2026	6.0	final		Meloni government
June 2026	6.0	final		Meloni government
May 2026	5.6	final		Meloni government
April 2026	5.6	final		Meloni government
March 2026	5.6	final		Meloni government
February 2026	5.6	final		Meloni government
January 2026	5.5	final		Meloni government
December 2025	5.7	final		Meloni government
November 2025	5.7	final		Meloni government
October 2025	5.8	final		Meloni government
September 2025	6.0	final		Meloni government
August 2025	5.7	final		Meloni government
July 2025	5.9	final		Meloni government
June 2025	5.9	final		Meloni government
May 2025	6.5	final		Meloni government
April 2025	6.2	final		Meloni government
March 2025	6.3	final		Meloni government
February 2025	6.1	final		Meloni government
January 2025	6.5	final		Meloni government
December 2024	6.4	final		Meloni government
November 2024	6.2	final		Meloni government
October 2024	6.1	final		Meloni government
September 2024	6.1	final		Meloni government
August 2024	6.4	final		Meloni government
July 2024	6.4	final		Meloni government
June 2024	6.7	final		Meloni government
May 2024	6.5	final		Meloni government
April 2024	6.8	final		Meloni government
March 2024	6.9	final		Meloni government
February 2024	7.3	final		Meloni government
January 2024	7.1	final		Meloni government
December 2023	7.1	final		Meloni government
November 2023	7.5	final		Meloni government
October 2023	7.7	final		Meloni government
September 2023	7.7	final		Meloni government
August 2023	7.6	final		Meloni government
July 2023	7.8	final		Meloni government
June 2023	7.5	final		Meloni government
May 2023	7.8	final		Meloni government
April 2023	7.9	final		Meloni government
March 2023	7.9	final		Meloni government
February 2023	7.8	final		Meloni government
January 2023	7.9	final		Meloni government
December 2022	7.9	final	Energy crisis	Meloni government
November 2022	7.8	final	Energy crisis	Meloni government
October 2022	7.8	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government, Meloni government
September 2022	8.0	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government
August 2022	8.2	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government
July 2022	8.0	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government
June 2022	8.2	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government
May 2022	8.1	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government
April 2022	8.1	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government
March 2022	8.3	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government
February 2022	8.4	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government
January 2022	8.5	final	Energy crisis	Draghi government
December 2021	8.9	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Draghi government
November 2021	9.1	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Draghi government
October 2021	9.1	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Draghi government
September 2021	9.1	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Draghi government
August 2021	9.1	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Draghi government
July 2021	9.1	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Draghi government
June 2021	9.5	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Draghi government
May 2021	9.9	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Draghi government
April 2021	10.3	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Draghi government
March 2021	10.1	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Draghi government
February 2021	10.1	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government, Draghi government
January 2021	10.1	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
December 2020	9.8	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
November 2020	9.5	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
October 2020	10.0	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
September 2020	10.0	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
August 2020	10.1	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
July 2020	10.2	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
June 2020	9.5	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
May 2020	8.8	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
April 2020	7.6	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
March 2020	7.6	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
February 2020	9.5	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
January 2020	9.6	final	COVID-19 pandemic	Conte II government
December 2019	9.8	final		Conte II government
November 2019	9.8	final		Conte II government
October 2019	9.5	final		Conte II government
September 2019	9.8	final		Conte I government, Conte II government
August 2019	9.5	final		Conte I government
July 2019	9.6	final		Conte I government
June 2019	9.6	final		Conte I government
May 2019	10.0	final		Conte I government
April 2019	10.4	final		Conte I government
March 2019	10.2	final		Conte I government
February 2019	10.4	final		Conte I government
January 2019	10.3	final		Conte I government
December 2018	10.3	final		Conte I government
November 2018	10.5	final		Conte I government
October 2018	10.6	final		Conte I government
September 2018	10.3	final		Conte I government
August 2018	10.3	final		Conte I government
July 2018	10.4	final		Conte I government
June 2018	10.8	final		Gentiloni government, Conte I government
May 2018	10.7	final		Gentiloni government
April 2018	10.9	final		Gentiloni government
March 2018	10.9	final		Gentiloni government
February 2018	10.8	final		Gentiloni government
January 2018	11.0	final		Gentiloni government
December 2017	10.9	final		Gentiloni government
November 2017	10.9	final		Gentiloni government
October 2017	11.0	final		Gentiloni government
September 2017	11.2	final		Gentiloni government
August 2017	11.5	final		Gentiloni government
July 2017	11.5	final		Gentiloni government
June 2017	11.2	final		Gentiloni government
May 2017	11.5	final		Gentiloni government
April 2017	11.2	final		Gentiloni government
March 2017	11.5	final		Gentiloni government
February 2017	11.5	final		Gentiloni government
January 2017	11.7	final		Gentiloni government
December 2016	11.8	final		Renzi government, Gentiloni government
November 2016	11.9	final		Renzi government
October 2016	11.7	final		Renzi government
September 2016	11.9	final		Renzi government
August 2016	11.7	final		Renzi government
July 2016	11.7	final		Renzi government
June 2016	11.7	final		Renzi government
May 2016	11.5	final		Renzi government
April 2016	11.8	final		Renzi government
March 2016	11.6	final		Renzi government
February 2016	11.7	final		Renzi government
January 2016	11.6	final		Renzi government
December 2015	11.7	final		Renzi government
November 2015	11.4	final		Renzi government
October 2015	11.7	final		Renzi government
September 2015	11.6	final		Renzi government
August 2015	11.8	final		Renzi government
July 2015	11.8	final		Renzi government
June 2015	12.3	final		Renzi government
May 2015	12.3	final		Renzi government
April 2015	12.2	final		Renzi government
March 2015	12.5	final		Renzi government
February 2015	12.4	final		Renzi government
January 2015	12.4	final		Renzi government
December 2014	12.4	final		Renzi government
November 2014	13.1	final		Renzi government
October 2014	12.9	final		Renzi government
September 2014	12.9	final		Renzi government
August 2014	12.7	final		Renzi government
July 2014	13.0	final		Renzi government
June 2014	12.4	final		Renzi government
May 2014	12.7	final		Renzi government
April 2014	12.8	final		Renzi government
March 2014	12.7	final		Renzi government
February 2014	12.9	final		Letta government, Renzi government
January 2014	12.9	final		Letta government
December 2013	12.7	final		Letta government
November 2013	12.5	final		Letta government
October 2013	12.5	final		Letta government
September 2013	12.6	final		Letta government
August 2013	12.7	final		Letta government
July 2013	12.3	final		Letta government
June 2013	12.5	final		Letta government
May 2013	12.4	final		Letta government
April 2013	12.2	final		Monti government, Letta government
March 2013	12.0	final		Monti government
February 2013	12.0	final		Monti government
January 2013	12.0	final		Monti government
December 2012	11.7	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
November 2012	11.6	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
October 2012	11.6	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
September 2012	11.3	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
August 2012	11.1	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
July 2012	11.1	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
June 2012	11.0	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
May 2012	10.6	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
April 2012	10.7	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
March 2012	10.5	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
February 2012	10.1	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
January 2012	9.7	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
December 2011	9.7	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Monti government
November 2011	9.4	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government, Monti government
October 2011	8.9	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government
September 2011	9.0	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government
August 2011	8.7	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government
July 2011	8.5	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government
June 2011	8.3	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government
May 2011	8.3	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government
April 2011	8.0	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government
March 2011	8.1	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government
February 2011	8.1	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government
January 2011	8.1	final	Sovereign debt crisis	Berlusconi IV government
December 2010	8.2	final		Berlusconi IV government
November 2010	8.3	final		Berlusconi IV government
October 2010	8.5	final		Berlusconi IV government
September 2010	8.3	final		Berlusconi IV government
August 2010	8.5	final		Berlusconi IV government
July 2010	8.5	final		Berlusconi IV government
June 2010	8.6	final		Berlusconi IV government
May 2010	8.7	final		Berlusconi IV government
April 2010	8.8	final		Berlusconi IV government
March 2010	8.5	final		Berlusconi IV government
February 2010	8.6	final		Berlusconi IV government
January 2010	8.5	final		Berlusconi IV government
December 2009	8.5	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
November 2009	8.3	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
October 2009	8.3	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
September 2009	8.3	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
August 2009	8.1	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
July 2009	8.0	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
June 2009	7.8	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
May 2009	7.5	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
April 2009	7.5	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
March 2009	7.6	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
February 2009	7.3	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
January 2009	7.2	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
December 2008	6.9	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
November 2008	7.1	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
October 2008	6.9	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
September 2008	6.8	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
August 2008	6.8	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
July 2008	6.7	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
June 2008	6.9	final	Financial crisis	Berlusconi IV government
May 2008	6.8	final	Financial crisis	Prodi II government, Berlusconi IV government
April 2008	6.9	final	Financial crisis	Prodi II government
March 2008	6.5	final	Financial crisis	Prodi II government
February 2008	6.6	final	Financial crisis	Prodi II government
January 2008	6.6	final	Financial crisis	Prodi II government
December 2007	6.6	final		Prodi II government
November 2007	6.3	final		Prodi II government
October 2007	6.2	final		Prodi II government
September 2007	6.2	final		Prodi II government
August 2007	6.3	final		Prodi II government
July 2007	6.4	final		Prodi II government
June 2007	6.1	final		Prodi II government
May 2007	6.2	final		Prodi II government
April 2007	5.9	final		Prodi II government
March 2007	6.1	final		Prodi II government
February 2007	6.1	final		Prodi II government
January 2007	6.2	final		Prodi II government
December 2006	6.2	final		Prodi II government
November 2006	6.5	final		Prodi II government
October 2006	6.6	final		Prodi II government
September 2006	6.6	final		Prodi II government
August 2006	6.8	final		Prodi II government
July 2006	6.7	final		Prodi II government
June 2006	6.8	final		Prodi II government
May 2006	7.1	final		Berlusconi III government, Prodi II government
April 2006	7.1	final		Berlusconi III government
March 2006	7.2	final		Berlusconi III government
February 2006	7.4	final		Berlusconi III government
January 2006	7.4	final		Berlusconi III government
December 2005	7.6	final		Berlusconi III government
November 2005	7.5	final		Berlusconi III government
October 2005	7.7	final		Berlusconi III government
September 2005	7.8	final		Berlusconi III government
August 2005	7.7	final		Berlusconi III government
July 2005	7.7	final		Berlusconi III government
June 2005	7.9	final		Berlusconi III government
May 2005	7.7	final		Berlusconi III government
April 2005	7.9	final		Berlusconi II government, Berlusconi III government
March 2005	7.9	final		Berlusconi II government
February 2005	7.9	final		Berlusconi II government
January 2005	7.8	final		Berlusconi II government
December 2004	7.9	final		Berlusconi II government
November 2004	8.1	final		Berlusconi II government
October 2004	7.9	final		Berlusconi II government
September 2004	8.0	final		Berlusconi II government
August 2004	7.8	final		Berlusconi II government
July 2004	7.9	final		Berlusconi II government
June 2004	8.0	final		Berlusconi II government
May 2004	8.2	final		Berlusconi II government
April 2004	8.1	final		Berlusconi II government
March 2004	8.2	final		Berlusconi II government
February 2004	8.1	final		Berlusconi II government
January 2004	8.3	final		Berlusconi II government
December 2003	8.2	final		Berlusconi II government
November 2003	8.2	final		Berlusconi II government
October 2003	8.2	final		Berlusconi II government
September 2003	8.4	final		Berlusconi II government
August 2003	8.4	final		Berlusconi II government
July 2003	8.4	final		Berlusconi II government
June 2003	8.5	final		Berlusconi II government
May 2003	8.5	final		Berlusconi II government
April 2003	8.4	final		Berlusconi II government
March 2003	8.7	final		Berlusconi II government
February 2003	8.7	final		Berlusconi II government
January 2003	8.8	final		Berlusconi II government
December 2002	8.4	final		Berlusconi II government
November 2002	8.5	final		Berlusconi II government
October 2002	8.5	final		Berlusconi II government
September 2002	8.6	final		Berlusconi II government
August 2002	8.6	final		Berlusconi II government
July 2002	8.6	final		Berlusconi II government
June 2002	8.8	final		Berlusconi II government
May 2002	8.8	final		Berlusconi II government
April 2002	8.9	final		Berlusconi II government
March 2002	8.5	final		Berlusconi II government
February 2002	8.5	final		Berlusconi II government
January 2002	8.6	final		Berlusconi II government
December 2001	8.8	final		Berlusconi II government
November 2001	8.9	final		Berlusconi II government
October 2001	8.9	final		Berlusconi II government
September 2001	9.0	final		Berlusconi II government
August 2001	9.0	final		Berlusconi II government
July 2001	9.1	final		Berlusconi II government
June 2001	9.1	final		Amato II government, Berlusconi II government
May 2001	9.1	final		Amato II government
April 2001	9.2	final		Amato II government
March 2001	9.3	final		Amato II government
February 2001	9.4	final		Amato II government
January 2001	9.4	final		Amato II government
December 2000	9.6	final		Amato II government
November 2000	9.6	final		Amato II government
October 2000	9.6	final		Amato II government
September 2000	9.9	final		Amato II government
August 2000	10.0	final		Amato II government
July 2000	10.0	final		Amato II government
June 2000	10.2	final		Amato II government
May 2000	10.3	final		Amato II government
April 2000	10.3	final		D'Alema II government, Amato II government
March 2000	10.5	final		D'Alema II government
February 2000	10.6	final		D'Alema II government
January 2000	10.6	final		D'Alema II government
December 1999	10.6	final		D'Alema II government
November 1999	10.7	final
October 1999	10.7	final
September 1999	10.9	final
August 1999	10.9	final
July 1999	11.0	final
June 1999	11.0	final
May 1999	11.1	final
April 1999	11.1	final
March 1999	11.1	final
February 1999	11.1	final
January 1999	11.1	final
December 1998	11.4	final
November 1998	11.4	final
October 1998	11.5	final
September 1998	11.3	final
August 1998	11.3	final
July 1998	11.3	final
June 1998	11.5	final
May 1998	11.5	final
April 1998	11.5	final
March 1998	11.1	final
February 1998	11.1	final
January 1998	11.1	final
December 1997	11.3	final
November 1997	11.3	final
October 1997	11.3	final
September 1997	11.0	final
August 1997	11.0	final
July 1997	11.0	final
June 1997	11.4	final
May 1997	11.4	final
April 1997	11.4	final
March 1997	11.3	final
February 1997	11.3	final
January 1997	11.2	final
December 1996	11.2	final
November 1996	11.2	final
October 1996	11.2	final
September 1996	11.1	final
August 1996	11.1	final
July 1996	11.1	final
June 1996	11.3	final
May 1996	11.3	final
April 1996	11.3	final
March 1996	11.0	final
February 1996	11.0	final
January 1996	11.0	final
December 1995	11.1	final
November 1995	11.1	final
October 1995	11.1	final
September 1995	11.2	final
August 1995	11.2	final
July 1995	11.1	final
June 1995	11.1	final
May 1995	11.1	final
April 1995	11.1	final
March 1995	11.3	final
February 1995	11.2	final
January 1995	11.2	final
December 1994	11.2	final
November 1994	11.1	final
October 1994	11.1	final
September 1994	10.4	final
August 1994	10.4	final
July 1994	10.4	final
June 1994	10.6	final
May 1994	10.6	final
April 1994	10.5	final
March 1994	10.5	final
February 1994	10.4	final
January 1994	10.4	final
December 1993	10.5	final
November 1993	10.4	final
October 1993	10.4	final
September 1993	10.0	final
August 1993	10.0	final
July 1993	9.9	final
June 1993	9.9	final
May 1993	9.8	final
April 1993	9.7	final
March 1993	9.3	final
February 1993	9.1	final
January 1993	9.0	final
December 1992	8.9	final
November 1992	8.9	final
October 1992	8.9	final
September 1992	9.1	final
August 1992	9.0	final
July 1992	8.9	final
June 1992	8.7	final
May 1992	8.6	final
April 1992	8.7	final
March 1992	8.7	final
February 1992	8.7	final
January 1992	8.6	final
December 1991	8.6	provisional
November 1991	8.7	provisional
October 1991	8.5	provisional
September 1991	8.5	provisional
August 1991	8.4	provisional
July 1991	8.4	provisional
June 1991	8.4	provisional
May 1991	8.5	provisional
April 1991	8.5	provisional
March 1991	8.6	provisional
February 1991	8.6	provisional
January 1991	8.7	provisional
December 1990	8.7	provisional
November 1990	8.7	provisional
October 1990	8.8	provisional
September 1990	8.8	provisional
August 1990	8.8	provisional
July 1990	8.8	provisional
June 1990	8.9	provisional
May 1990	8.9	provisional
April 1990	8.9	provisional
March 1990	8.9	provisional
February 1990	9.0	provisional
January 1990	9.1	provisional
December 1989	9.3	provisional
November 1989	9.4	provisional
October 1989	9.4	provisional
September 1989	9.6	provisional
August 1989	9.7	provisional
July 1989	9.8	provisional
June 1989	9.8	provisional
May 1989	9.8	provisional
April 1989	9.8	provisional
March 1989	9.8	provisional
February 1989	9.8	provisional
January 1989	9.8	provisional
December 1988	9.8	provisional
November 1988	9.8	provisional
October 1988	9.8	provisional
September 1988	9.6	provisional
August 1988	9.6	provisional
July 1988	9.6	provisional
June 1988	9.6	provisional
May 1988	9.6	provisional
April 1988	9.7	provisional
March 1988	9.7	provisional
February 1988	9.7	provisional
January 1988	9.7	provisional
December 1987	9.7	provisional
November 1987	9.7	provisional
October 1987	9.8	provisional
September 1987	9.8	provisional
August 1987	9.8	provisional
July 1987	9.8	provisional
June 1987	9.9	provisional
May 1987	9.7	provisional
April 1987	9.4	provisional
March 1987	9.3	provisional
February 1987	9.3	provisional
January 1987	9.2	provisional
December 1986	9.2	provisional
November 1986	9.1	provisional
October 1986	9.1	provisional
September 1986	9.1	provisional
August 1986	9.0	provisional
July 1986	8.9	provisional
June 1986	8.8	provisional
May 1986	8.8	provisional
April 1986	8.7	provisional
March 1986	8.6	provisional
February 1986	8.6	provisional
January 1986	8.5	provisional
December 1985	8.5	provisional
November 1985	8.4	provisional
October 1985	8.3	provisional
September 1985	8.3	provisional
August 1985	8.2	provisional
July 1985	8.2	provisional
June 1985	8.1	provisional
May 1985	8.0	provisional
April 1985	8.0	provisional
March 1985	8.0	provisional
February 1985	8.0	provisional
January 1985	8.0	provisional
December 1984	7.9	provisional
November 1984	7.8	provisional
October 1984	7.8	provisional
September 1984	7.8	provisional
August 1984	7.8	provisional
July 1984	7.8	provisional
June 1984	7.8	provisional
May 1984	7.8	provisional
April 1984	7.9	provisional
March 1984	7.8	provisional
February 1984	7.9	provisional
January 1984	7.9	provisional
December 1983	7.8	provisional
November 1983	7.7	provisional
October 1983	7.6	provisional
September 1983	7.5	provisional
August 1983	7.4	provisional
July 1983	7.4	provisional
June 1983	7.3	provisional
May 1983	7.3	provisional
April 1983	7.2	provisional
March 1983	7.2	provisional
February 1983	7.1	provisional
January 1983	6.9	provisional

EU comparison · Nominal (% of labour force)

Same lens as the main chart: changing it here changes it above too. Context layers are those of the main country. Each country is read in the release published on the same date.

Data table

EU comparison · Nominal (% of labour force)

August 2026	6.2	4.0	8.2	10.0	6.1
July 2026	6.0	4.0	8.3	10.0	6.1
June 2026	6.0	4.0	8.3	10.1	6.1
May 2026	5.6	3.9	8.4	10.2	6.1
April 2026	5.6	3.9	8.3	10.2	6.1
March 2026	5.6	3.9	8.2	10.3	6.1
February 2026	5.6	3.9	8.2	10.3	6.1
January 2026	5.5	3.9	8.1	10.3	6.0
December 2025	5.7	3.9	8.0	10.2	6.0
November 2025	5.7	3.9	8.0	10.1	6.0
October 2025	5.8	3.8	8.0	10.2	6.0
September 2025	6.0	3.8	7.9	10.4	6.0
August 2025	5.7	3.8	7.8	10.5	6.0
July 2025	5.9	3.7	7.7	10.6	6.0
June 2025	5.9	3.7	7.7	10.5	6.0
May 2025	6.5	3.7	7.6	10.6	6.0
April 2025	6.2	3.7	7.5	10.6	6.0
March 2025	6.3	3.6	7.6	10.8	6.0
February 2025	6.1	3.6	7.5	10.8	6.0
January 2025	6.5	3.5	7.3	10.8	6.0
December 2024	6.4	3.5	7.3	10.8	5.9
November 2024	6.2	3.4	7.4	10.8	5.9
October 2024	6.1	3.4	7.4	10.9	5.8
September 2024	6.1	3.4	7.5	11.1	5.9
August 2024	6.4	3.4	7.5	11.3	5.9
July 2024	6.4	3.4	7.5	11.4	6.0
June 2024	6.7	3.4	7.5	11.5	6.0
May 2024	6.5	3.4	7.4	11.6	6.0
April 2024	6.8	3.4	7.3	11.6	6.0
March 2024	6.9	3.3	7.4	11.6	6.0
February 2024	7.3	3.3	7.5	11.8	6.1
January 2024	7.1	3.2	7.6	11.9	6.1
December 2023	7.1	3.2	7.7	11.9	6.1
November 2023	7.5	3.2	7.6	12.0	6.1
October 2023	7.7	3.1	7.5	12.0	6.1
September 2023	7.7	3.1	7.5	12.0	6.1
August 2023	7.6	3.1	7.5	12.0	6.1
July 2023	7.8	3.0	7.4	12.0	6.1
June 2023	7.5	3.0	7.3	11.9	6.0
May 2023	7.8	3.0	7.3	12.0	6.0
April 2023	7.9	3.0	7.3	12.1	6.0
March 2023	7.9	3.0	7.1	12.5	6.0
February 2023	7.8	3.0	7.1	12.9	6.1
January 2023	7.9	3.1	7.1	13.1	6.1
December 2022	7.9	3.1	7.2	13.2	6.2
November 2022	7.8	3.1	7.2	13.2	6.2
October 2022	7.8	3.1	7.2	13.1	6.1
September 2022	8.0	3.1	7.1	12.9	6.1
August 2022	8.2	3.1	7.3	12.8	6.2
July 2022	8.0	3.1	7.4	12.7	6.1
June 2022	8.2	3.1	7.5	12.9	6.2
May 2022	8.1	3.1	7.5	12.9	6.2
April 2022	8.1	3.1	7.6	13.2	6.2
March 2022	8.3	3.2	7.5	13.3	6.2
February 2022	8.4	3.2	7.4	13.2	6.3
January 2022	8.5	3.3	7.3	13.3	6.4
December 2021	8.9	3.3	7.4	13.3	6.5
November 2021	9.1	3.4	7.5	13.5	6.5
October 2021	9.1	3.4	7.6	13.9	6.6
September 2021	9.1	3.4	7.8	14.4	6.7
August 2021	9.1	3.4	7.9	14.8	6.9
July 2021	9.1	3.5	8.0	15.2	7.0
June 2021	9.5	3.6	7.9	15.6	7.2
May 2021	9.9	3.7	8.0	15.7	7.4
April 2021	10.3	3.8	8.2	15.7	7.5
March 2021	10.1	3.9	8.2	15.5	7.5
February 2021	10.1	3.9	8.2	15.7	7.5
January 2021	10.1	3.9	8.1	15.9	7.5
December 2020	9.8	3.8	8.0	16.2	7.5
November 2020	9.5	3.8	8.1	16.2	7.4
October 2020	10.0	3.8	8.3	16.3	7.6
September 2020	10.0	3.8	9.0	16.4	7.7
August 2020	10.1	3.9	9.1	16.5	7.8
July 2020	10.2	3.8	8.6	16.2	7.7
June 2020	9.5	3.8	7.4	16.0	7.4
May 2020	8.8	3.7	7.0	15.5	7.0
April 2020	7.6	3.5	7.6	15.3	6.8
March 2020	7.6	3.4	7.6	14.5	6.5
February 2020	9.5	3.3	7.9	13.6	6.6
January 2020	9.6	3.2	8.3	13.8	6.7
December 2019	9.8	3.1	8.3	13.8	6.7
November 2019	9.8	3.0	8.2	13.9	6.7
October 2019	9.5	2.9	8.2	14.0	6.7
September 2019	9.8	2.9	8.2	14.0	6.7
August 2019	9.5	2.9	8.3	14.1	6.7
July 2019	9.6	2.9	8.4	14.2	6.8
June 2019	9.6	2.9	8.5	14.2	6.7
May 2019	10.0	2.9	8.5	14.3	6.8
April 2019	10.4	2.9	8.6	14.2	6.9
March 2019	10.2	3.0	8.7	14.2	7.0
February 2019	10.4	3.0	8.8	14.2	7.0
January 2019	10.3	3.0	8.8	14.3	7.1
December 2018	10.3	3.1	8.8	14.4	7.1
November 2018	10.5	3.1	8.8	14.6	7.1
October 2018	10.6	3.1	8.8	14.7	7.2
September 2018	10.3	3.1	8.9	14.7	7.2
August 2018	10.3	3.2	8.9	14.8	7.3
July 2018	10.4	3.2	9.0	15.0	7.3
June 2018	10.8	3.2	9.1	15.2	7.4
May 2018	10.7	3.2	9.1	15.5	7.4
April 2018	10.9	3.2	9.2	15.7	7.6
March 2018	10.9	3.3	9.3	15.9	7.6
February 2018	10.8	3.3	9.3	16.2	7.7
January 2018	11.0	3.3	9.3	16.4	7.8
December 2017	10.9	3.4	9.1	16.6	7.9
November 2017	10.9	3.4	9.0	16.7	7.9
October 2017	11.0	3.4	9.1	16.7	8.0
September 2017	11.2	3.4	9.3	16.7	8.1
August 2017	11.5	3.5	9.6	16.7	8.2
July 2017	11.5	3.5	9.6	16.9	8.2
June 2017	11.2	3.5	9.5	17.1	8.3
May 2017	11.5	3.6	9.6	17.4	8.4
April 2017	11.2	3.6	9.6	17.6	8.4
March 2017	11.5	3.6	9.6	18.0	8.6
February 2017	11.5	3.6	9.6	18.2	8.7
January 2017	11.7	3.7	9.8	18.3	8.7
December 2016	11.8	3.7	10.0	18.5	8.9
November 2016	11.9	3.7	10.1	18.8	9.0
October 2016	11.7	3.7	10.1	18.9	9.0
September 2016	11.9	3.8	9.9	19.1	9.1
August 2016	11.7	3.9	9.9	19.3	9.1
July 2016	11.7	3.9	9.8	19.5	9.2
June 2016	11.7	4.0	10.0	19.9	9.3
May 2016	11.5	4.0	10.0	20.2	9.4
April 2016	11.8	4.0	10.1	20.3	9.4
March 2016	11.6	4.0	10.2	20.3	9.5
February 2016	11.7	4.1	10.4	20.4	9.6
January 2016	11.6	4.1	10.3	20.5	9.7
December 2015	11.7	4.2	10.3	20.8	9.8
November 2015	11.4	4.2	10.3	20.9	9.8
October 2015	11.7	4.2	10.3	21.3	9.9
September 2015	11.6	4.3	10.3	21.4	9.9
August 2015	11.8	4.3	10.3	21.6	10.0
July 2015	11.8	4.3	10.3	21.9	10.1
June 2015	12.3	4.4	10.4	22.3	10.3
May 2015	12.3	4.4	10.5	22.5	10.3
April 2015	12.2	4.4	10.4	22.7	10.4
March 2015	12.5	4.5	10.4	22.9	10.6
February 2015	12.4	4.5	10.4	23.1	10.6
January 2015	12.4	4.5	10.4	23.4	10.6
December 2014	12.4	4.6	10.5	23.6	10.7
November 2014	13.1	4.6	10.6	23.8	10.9
October 2014	12.9	4.7	10.4	24.0	10.8
September 2014	12.9	4.7	10.4	24.0	10.8
August 2014	12.7	4.7	10.2	24.1	10.9
July 2014	13.0	4.7	10.2	24.3	10.9
June 2014	12.4	4.7	10.2	24.4	11.0
May 2014	12.7	4.7	10.2	24.6	11.1
April 2014	12.8	4.8	10.2	24.8	11.2
March 2014	12.7	4.8	10.2	25.1	11.3
February 2014	12.9	4.8	10.2	25.3	11.4
January 2014	12.9	4.8	10.2	25.5	11.4
December 2013	12.7	4.8	10.2	25.5	11.4
November 2013	12.5	4.8	10.2	25.9	11.5
October 2013	12.5	4.8	10.1	26.0	11.5
September 2013	12.6	4.9	10.3	26.1	11.5
August 2013	12.7	4.9	10.1	26.1	11.5
July 2013	12.3	4.9	10.3	26.2	11.6
June 2013	12.5	4.9	10.4	26.1	11.6
May 2013	12.4	5.0	10.4	26.2	11.7
April 2013	12.2	5.0	10.5	26.3	11.7
March 2013	12.0	5.0	10.4	26.3	11.7
February 2013	12.0	5.1	10.4	26.4	11.7
January 2013	12.0	5.1	10.4	26.2	11.7
December 2012	11.7	5.0	10.3	26.0	11.5
November 2012	11.6	5.0	10.2	25.9	11.5
October 2012	11.6	5.0	10.1	25.7	11.3
September 2012	11.3	5.0	9.8	25.5	11.2
August 2012	11.1	5.0	9.7	25.2	11.2
July 2012	11.1	5.1	9.7	25.0	11.1
June 2012	11.0	5.1	9.7	24.8	11.0
May 2012	10.6	5.1	9.7	24.6	11.0
April 2012	10.7	5.1	9.7	24.2	10.9
March 2012	10.5	5.1	9.6	23.9	10.8
February 2012	10.1	5.1	9.5	23.6	10.7
January 2012	9.7	5.1	9.5	23.2	10.6
December 2011	9.7	5.2	9.4	22.9	10.5
November 2011	9.4	5.2	9.4	22.6	10.4
October 2011	8.9	5.3	9.3	22.4	10.3
September 2011	9.0	5.4	9.2	22.1	10.2
August 2011	8.7	5.4	9.2	21.7	10.1
July 2011	8.5	5.5	9.2	21.4	10.0
June 2011	8.3	5.5	9.2	21.0	9.9
May 2011	8.3	5.6	9.1	20.7	9.9
April 2011	8.0	5.6	9.1	20.6	9.9
March 2011	8.1	5.7	9.1	20.6	9.9
February 2011	8.1	5.9	9.2	20.5	9.9
January 2011	8.1	6.0	9.2	20.4	10.0
December 2010	8.2	6.1	9.2	20.4	10.0
November 2010	8.3	6.2	9.2	20.2	10.0
October 2010	8.5	6.3	9.2	20.1	10.0
September 2010	8.3	6.4	9.2	20.1	10.0
August 2010	8.5	6.4	9.2	20.0	10.0
July 2010	8.5	6.5	9.2	19.9	10.1
June 2010	8.6	6.6	9.2	20.1	10.1
May 2010	8.7	6.7	9.3	20.0	10.2
April 2010	8.8	6.8	9.3	19.8	10.2
March 2010	8.5	6.9	9.3	19.4	10.1
February 2010	8.6	7.0	9.4	19.2	10.1
January 2010	8.5	7.1	9.5	19.1	10.1
December 2009	8.5	7.2	9.5	18.9	9.9
November 2009	8.3	7.2	9.6	18.7	9.8
October 2009	8.3	7.4	9.5	18.6	9.7
September 2009	8.3	7.5	9.3	18.4	9.7
August 2009	8.1	7.5	9.2	18.2	9.6
July 2009	8.0	7.6	9.1	18.0	9.5
June 2009	7.8	7.5	9.2	17.9	9.3
May 2009	7.5	7.5	9.2	17.9	9.2
April 2009	7.5	7.4	9.1	17.8	9.1
March 2009	7.6	7.3	8.9	17.5	8.9
February 2009	7.3	7.2	8.6	16.8	8.7
January 2009	7.2	7.1	8.3	15.9	8.4
December 2008	6.9	7.1	8.0	14.8	7.9
November 2008	7.1	7.0	7.8	13.8	7.7
October 2008	6.9	7.0	7.6	12.9	7.4
September 2008	6.8	7.0	7.5	12.0	7.3
August 2008	6.8	7.1	7.5	11.5	7.3
July 2008	6.7	7.3	7.5	11.1	7.2
June 2008	6.9	7.4	7.4	10.8	7.3
May 2008	6.8	7.5	7.3	10.4	7.2
April 2008	6.9	7.7	7.3	10.0	7.1
March 2008	6.5	7.8	7.1	9.5	7.1
February 2008	6.6	7.9	7.1	9.3	7.1
January 2008	6.6	8.0	7.2	9.1	7.2
December 2007	6.6	8.1	7.3	8.8	7.3
November 2007	6.3	8.2	7.5	8.6	7.3
October 2007	6.2	8.3	7.7	8.4	7.4
September 2007	6.2	8.4	7.9	8.3	7.4
August 2007	6.3	8.4	8.0	8.3	7.5
July 2007	6.4	8.5	8.1	8.1	7.6
June 2007	6.1	8.5	8.0	8.0	7.5
May 2007	6.2	8.6	8.1	7.9	7.6
April 2007	5.9	8.7	8.3	8.0	7.7
March 2007	6.1	8.9	8.4	8.1	7.8
February 2007	6.1	9.1	8.5	8.2	7.9
January 2007	6.2	9.2	8.5	8.3	8.0
December 2006	6.2	9.4	8.3	8.3	8.2
November 2006	6.5	9.6	8.3	8.3	8.3
October 2006	6.6	9.7	8.5	8.2	8.4
September 2006	6.6	9.8	8.8	8.2	8.5
August 2006	6.8	9.9	9.0	8.3	8.6
July 2006	6.7	10.0	9.0	8.3	8.7
June 2006	6.8	10.1	8.9	8.4	8.7
May 2006	7.1	10.2	8.9	8.5	8.9
April 2006	7.1	10.3	9.0	8.6	9.0
March 2006	7.2	10.5	9.1	8.7	9.1
February 2006	7.4	10.5	9.2	8.7	9.2
January 2006	7.4	10.6	9.2	8.8	9.3
December 2005	7.6	10.7	9.1	8.8	9.4
November 2005	7.5	10.9	9.1	8.7	9.5
October 2005	7.7	11.0	9.1	8.6	9.6
September 2005	7.8	11.1	9.1	8.5	9.6
August 2005	7.7	11.2	9.0	8.6	9.6
July 2005	7.7	11.2	8.9	8.8	9.7
June 2005	7.9	11.2	8.9	9.1	9.8
May 2005	7.7	11.2	8.8	9.4	9.8
April 2005	7.9	11.2	8.7	9.7	9.8
March 2005	7.9	10.9	8.6	9.7	9.8
February 2005	7.9	10.9	8.6	9.9	9.8
January 2005	7.8	10.7	8.7	10.1	9.8
December 2004	7.9	10.7	8.9	10.3	9.9
November 2004	8.1	10.6	9.0	10.6	10.0
October 2004	7.9	10.5	9.0	10.7	10.0
September 2004	8.0	10.4	8.9	10.9	10.0
August 2004	7.8	10.4	8.9	11.0	10.0
July 2004	7.9	10.3	8.8	11.0	9.9
June 2004	8.0	10.3	8.8	11.2	10.0
May 2004	8.2	10.3	8.8	11.2	10.0
April 2004	8.1	10.3	8.8	11.2	10.0
March 2004	8.2	10.3	8.9	11.1	10.1
February 2004	8.1	10.1	8.9	11.2	10.0
January 2004	8.3	9.8	8.9	11.3	10.1
December 2003	8.2	9.8	9.0	11.4	10.0
November 2003	8.2	9.8	8.8	11.3	9.9
October 2003	8.2	9.8	8.7	11.4	9.9
September 2003	8.4	9.8	8.6	11.5	9.9
August 2003	8.4	9.8	8.3	11.5	9.9
July 2003	8.4	9.8	8.5	11.6	9.9
June 2003	8.5	9.8	8.6	11.5	9.9
May 2003	8.5	9.7	8.5	11.3	9.8
April 2003	8.4	9.7	8.5	11.4	9.8
March 2003	8.7	9.6	8.4	11.6	9.8
February 2003	8.7	9.5	8.3	11.7	9.8
January 2003	8.8	9.4	8.2	11.7	9.8
December 2002	8.4	9.2	8.5	11.6	9.8
November 2002	8.5	9.1	8.4	11.6	9.8
October 2002	8.5	9.0	8.3	11.6	9.7
September 2002	8.6	8.9	8.3	11.7	9.8
August 2002	8.6	8.7	8.3	11.8	9.7
July 2002	8.6	8.6	8.3	11.7	9.7
June 2002	8.8	8.5	8.2	11.4	9.6
May 2002	8.8	8.4	8.2	11.2	9.6
April 2002	8.9	8.3	8.2	11.2	9.6
March 2002	8.5	8.2	8.2	11.2	9.5
February 2002	8.5	8.2	8.2	11.5	9.5
January 2002	8.6	8.1	8.2	11.1	9.5
December 2001	8.8	8.1	8.3	10.7	9.5
November 2001	8.9	8.0	8.4	10.6	9.4
October 2001	8.9	8.0	8.4	10.5	9.4
September 2001	9.0	7.9	8.4	10.5	9.3
August 2001	9.0	7.8	8.4	10.6	9.3
July 2001	9.1	7.8	8.4	10.5	9.3
June 2001	9.1	7.7	8.5	10.5	9.3
May 2001	9.1	7.7	8.5	10.6	9.3
April 2001	9.2	7.6	8.5	10.4	9.3
March 2001	9.3	7.6	8.5	10.5	9.2
February 2001	9.4	7.7	8.6	10.7	9.2
January 2001	9.4	7.7	8.6	10.8	9.3
December 2000	9.6	7.7	8.7	11.2	9.3
November 2000	9.6	7.8	8.8	11.5	9.3
October 2000	9.6	7.8	8.8	11.7	9.3
September 2000	9.9	7.9	8.9	11.7	9.4
August 2000	10.0	7.9	9.0	11.8	9.4
July 2000	10.0	7.9	9.1	11.9	9.5
June 2000	10.2	8.0	9.2	11.9	9.5
May 2000	10.3	8.0	9.3	11.9	9.6
April 2000	10.3	8.0	9.4	12.0	9.6
March 2000	10.5	8.1	9.5	12.2	9.7
February 2000	10.6	8.1	9.6	12.4	9.7
January 2000	10.6	8.2	9.8	12.8	9.7
December 1999	10.6	8.2	9.8	12.9	–
November 1999	10.7	8.3	10.0	13.1	–
October 1999	10.7	8.4	10.1	13.2	–
September 1999	10.9	8.4	10.2	13.4	–
August 1999	10.9	8.5	10.4	13.5	–
July 1999	11.0	8.5	10.5	13.5	–
June 1999	11.0	8.6	10.6	13.5	–
May 1999	11.1	8.6	10.7	13.5	–
April 1999	11.1	8.7	10.8	13.6	–
March 1999	11.1	8.8	10.7	13.9	–
February 1999	11.1	8.8	10.8	14.3	–
January 1999	11.1	8.9	10.7	14.8	–
December 1998	11.4	9.0	10.7	15.4	–
November 1998	11.4	9.1	10.7	15.7	–
October 1998	11.5	9.1	10.7	16.0	–
September 1998	11.3	9.2	10.6	16.3	–
August 1998	11.3	9.3	10.6	16.4	–
July 1998	11.3	9.4	10.7	16.6	–
June 1998	11.5	9.4	10.7	16.8	–
May 1998	11.5	9.5	10.7	16.6	–
April 1998	11.5	9.6	10.7	16.6	–
March 1998	11.1	9.6	10.7	16.7	–
February 1998	11.1	9.7	10.7	16.7	–
January 1998	11.1	9.7	10.8	17.1	–
December 1997	11.3	9.7	10.8	17.6	–
November 1997	11.3	9.7	10.8	17.8	–
October 1997	11.3	9.7	10.9	18.0	–
September 1997	11.0	9.7	10.9	18.3	–
August 1997	11.0	9.7	10.9	18.3	–
July 1997	11.0	9.7	10.9	18.6	–
June 1997	11.4	9.7	10.9	18.8	–
May 1997	11.4	9.7	10.9	18.7	–
April 1997	11.4	9.7	11.0	18.6	–
March 1997	11.3	9.6	10.9	18.6	–
February 1997	11.3	9.5	10.9	18.7	–
January 1997	11.2	9.5	10.9	18.8	–
December 1996	11.2	9.4	10.9	19.1	–
November 1996	11.2	9.3	10.8	19.3	–
October 1996	11.2	9.2	10.8	19.5	–
September 1996	11.1	9.1	10.9	19.7	–
August 1996	11.1	9.0	10.9	19.8	–
July 1996	11.1	8.9	10.9	20.1	–
June 1996	11.3	8.8	10.9	20.2	–
May 1996	11.3	8.8	10.9	20.1	–
April 1996	11.3	8.7	10.9	20.1	–
March 1996	11.0	8.6	10.7	20.3	–
February 1996	11.0	8.6	10.7	20.3	–
January 1996	11.0	8.5	10.7	20.4	–
December 1995	11.1	8.5	10.7	20.5	–
November 1995	11.1	8.4	10.7	20.7	–
October 1995	11.1	8.4	10.7	20.7	–
September 1995	11.2	8.3	10.6	20.9	–
August 1995	11.2	8.3	10.6	20.8	–
July 1995	11.1	8.2	10.5	20.7	–
June 1995	11.1	8.1	10.5	20.6	–
May 1995	11.1	8.1	10.4	20.5	–
April 1995	11.1	8.1	10.4	20.6	–
March 1995	11.3	8.1	10.3	20.9	–
February 1995	11.2	8.1	10.3	21.2	–
January 1995	11.2	8.2	10.4	21.4	–
December 1994	11.2	8.2	10.4	21.6	–
November 1994	11.1	8.3	10.5	21.8	–
October 1994	11.1	8.3	10.5	21.8	–
September 1994	10.4	8.4	10.6	22.0	–
August 1994	10.4	8.4	10.6	22.0	–
July 1994	10.4	8.5	10.7	22.1	–
June 1994	10.6	8.5	10.7	22.2	–
May 1994	10.6	8.5	10.8	22.2	–
April 1994	10.5	8.6	10.8	22.2	–
March 1994	10.5	8.5	10.8	22.2	–
February 1994	10.4	8.5	10.8	22.3	–
January 1994	10.4	8.4	10.8	22.2	–
December 1993	10.5	8.3	10.7	22.0	–
November 1993	10.4	8.2	10.7	21.9	–
October 1993	10.4	8.1	10.6	21.7	–
September 1993	10.0	8.0	10.5	21.5	–
August 1993	10.0	7.9	10.4	21.4	–
July 1993	9.9	7.8	10.3	21.3	–
June 1993	9.9	7.7	10.2	20.9	–
May 1993	9.8	7.6	10.1	20.4	–
April 1993	9.7	7.5	10.1	20.2	–
March 1993	9.3	7.5	9.9	20.0	–
February 1993	9.1	7.4	9.9	19.5	–
January 1993	9.0	7.3	9.8	19.2	–
December 1992	8.9	7.2	9.8	18.8	–
November 1992	8.9	7.1	9.7	18.4	–
October 1992	8.9	7.0	9.6	18.0	–
September 1992	9.1	6.9	9.6	17.5	–
August 1992	9.0	6.8	9.5	17.2	–
July 1992	8.9	6.6	9.4	16.9	–
June 1992	8.7	6.5	9.4	16.7	–
May 1992	8.6	6.4	9.4	16.5	–
April 1992	8.7	6.3	9.3	16.4	–
March 1992	8.7	6.2	9.3	16.3	–
February 1992	8.7	6.1	9.2	16.1	–
January 1992	8.6	6.0	9.1	16.0	–
December 1991	8.6	6.0	9.1	15.9	–
November 1991	8.7	5.9	9.0	15.9	–
October 1991	8.5	5.8	8.9	15.9	–
September 1991	8.5	5.7	8.8	15.9	–
August 1991	8.4	5.6	8.7	15.8	–
July 1991	8.4	5.5	8.6	15.6	–
June 1991	8.4	5.4	8.5	15.4	–
May 1991	8.5	5.3	8.5	15.3	–
April 1991	8.5	5.3	8.4	15.2	–
March 1991	8.6	5.3	8.3	15.1	–
February 1991	8.6	5.2	8.3	15.1	–
January 1991	8.7	5.2	8.3	15.1	–
December 1990	8.7	–	8.3	15.3	–
November 1990	8.7	–	8.3	15.3	–
October 1990	8.8	–	8.3	15.3	–
September 1990	8.8	–	8.3	15.3	–
August 1990	8.8	–	8.3	15.3	–
July 1990	8.8	–	8.4	15.3	–
June 1990	8.9	–	8.4	15.5	–
May 1990	8.9	–	8.4	15.6	–
April 1990	8.9	–	8.5	15.6	–
March 1990	8.9	–	8.5	15.6	–
February 1990	9.0	–	8.5	15.8	–
January 1990	9.1	–	8.6	15.9	–
December 1989	9.3	–	8.6	16.1	–
November 1989	9.4	–	8.7	16.1	–
October 1989	9.4	–	8.7	16.1	–
September 1989	9.6	–	8.7	16.0	–
August 1989	9.7	–	8.7	16.2	–
July 1989	9.8	–	8.7	16.2	–
June 1989	9.8	–	8.7	16.4	–
May 1989	9.8	–	8.7	16.7	–
April 1989	9.8	–	8.7	16.9	–
March 1989	9.8	–	8.7	17.1	–
February 1989	9.8	–	8.7	17.3	–
January 1989	9.8	–	8.8	17.5	–
December 1988	9.8	–	8.8	17.6	–
November 1988	9.8	–	8.8	17.7	–
October 1988	9.8	–	8.9	18.0	–
September 1988	9.6	–	8.8	18.4	–
August 1988	9.6	–	8.8	18.7	–
July 1988	9.6	–	8.8	18.9	–
June 1988	9.6	–	8.8	19.0	–
May 1988	9.6	–	8.8	19.1	–
April 1988	9.7	–	8.9	19.1	–
March 1988	9.7	–	8.8	19.1	–
February 1988	9.7	–	8.9	19.2	–
January 1988	9.7	–	9.0	19.3	–
December 1987	9.7	–	9.0	19.4	–
November 1987	9.7	–	9.1	19.4	–
October 1987	9.8	–	9.1	19.5	–
September 1987	9.8	–	9.1	19.7	–
August 1987	9.8	–	9.1	19.7	–
July 1987	9.8	–	9.1	19.7	–
June 1987	9.9	–	9.1	19.6	–
May 1987	9.7	–	9.2	19.7	–
April 1987	9.4	–	9.2	19.8	–
March 1987	9.3	–	9.2	19.9	–
February 1987	9.3	–	9.3	20.1	–
January 1987	9.2	–	9.3	20.2	–
December 1986	9.2	–	9.2	20.2	–
November 1986	9.1	–	9.2	20.3	–
October 1986	9.1	–	9.2	20.2	–
September 1986	9.1	–	9.0	20.3	–
August 1986	9.0	–	8.9	20.3	–
July 1986	8.9	–	8.9	20.4	–
June 1986	8.8	–	8.8	20.4	–
May 1986	8.8	–	8.8	20.5	–
April 1986	8.7	–	8.7	20.6	–
March 1986	8.6	–	8.6	–	–
February 1986	8.6	–	8.6	–	–
January 1986	8.5	–	8.6	–	–
December 1985	8.5	–	8.7	–	–
November 1985	8.4	–	8.7	–	–
October 1985	8.3	–	8.7	–	–
September 1985	8.3	–	8.7	–	–
August 1985	8.2	–	8.7	–	–
July 1985	8.2	–	8.7	–	–
June 1985	8.1	–	8.7	–	–
May 1985	8.0	–	8.7	–	–
April 1985	8.0	–	8.7	–	–
March 1985	8.0	–	8.7	–	–
February 1985	8.0	–	8.7	–	–
January 1985	8.0	–	8.7	–	–
December 1984	7.9	–	8.8	–	–
November 1984	7.8	–	8.8	–	–
October 1984	7.8	–	8.7	–	–
September 1984	7.8	–	8.6	–	–
August 1984	7.8	–	8.6	–	–
July 1984	7.8	–	8.5	–	–
June 1984	7.8	–	8.4	–	–
May 1984	7.8	–	8.4	–	–
April 1984	7.9	–	8.3	–	–
March 1984	7.8	–	8.2	–	–
February 1984	7.9	–	8.1	–	–
January 1984	7.9	–	8.1	–	–
December 1983	7.8	–	8.0	–	–
November 1983	7.7	–	7.9	–	–
October 1983	7.6	–	7.8	–	–
September 1983	7.5	–	7.7	–	–
August 1983	7.4	–	7.6	–	–
July 1983	7.4	–	7.5	–	–
June 1983	7.3	–	7.4	–	–
May 1983	7.3	–	7.2	–	–
April 1983	7.2	–	7.0	–	–
March 1983	7.2	–	6.7	–	–
February 1983	7.1	–	6.7	–	–
January 1983	6.9	–	7.1	–	–

AI-generated analysis, not yet reviewed by the editors

Instructions given to the model · prompt analisi-v2

Full, unedited text, in Italian, the language of our editorial rules. Besides these instructions the model receives only the chart data: values rounded as you see them, precomputed changes and the periods of governments and crises. Every number in the text is then checked against that data, and a text with missing numbers or banned wording is discarded.

Sei l'assistente redazionale di Data Super Partes, un sito che pubblica dati statistici ufficiali su Italia e Unione Europea senza prendere posizione. Scrivi per un lettore non specialista che vuole capire che cosa dicono i dati, non solo leggerli.

## Che cosa ricevi

Un JSON con una serie statistica:

- `scope: "comparison"`: la stessa serie in più paesi (IT, DE, FR, ES ed EU27 = Unione Europea a 27 paesi nel suo insieme: un totale per i livelli, il valore dell'Unione per quote, tassi e valori per abitante), tutti letti nella stessa lente (`lens`);
- `scope: "release"`: un solo paese, letto in più lenti (nominale, reale, % del PIL, per abitante, indice).

Per ogni linea hai i valori già arrotondati come li vede il lettore (`values`), l'unità (`unit`) e le variazioni già calcolate (`changes`: in punti per i tassi, in percentuale per i livelli). `context` elenca governi e crisi in carica nei periodi dei dati.

## Che cosa scrivi

Un'analisi descrittiva in italiano (`it`) e in inglese (`en`), con lo stesso contenuto. Da 3 a 4 paragrafi brevi, separati da una riga vuota; ogni paragrafo ha da 1 a 3 frasi e un solo argomento, nell'ordine:

1. **Il dato**: l'ultimo valore e come cambia rispetto al periodo precedente.
2. **L'andamento**: le fasi della serie nell'intero periodo disponibile (crescita, calo, stabilità, punti di svolta), non solo il primo e l'ultimo valore.
3. **Il confronto**: per `comparison`, dove si colloca l'Italia rispetto agli altri e se le distanze si allargano o si riducono nel tempo; per `release`, che cosa aggiunge ogni lente (per esempio: la spesa cresce a prezzi correnti ma resta stabile in rapporto al PIL, cioè cresce allo stesso ritmo dell'economia).
4. **Il contesto**: i fatti che il lettore deve conoscere per leggere correttamente i dati (vedi la sezione sul contesto). Omettilo solo se nel periodo descritto non c'è nulla di rilevante.

Interpreta i numeri, non elencarli: al massimo 2 o 3 numeri per paragrafo, scelti perché sostengono quello che dici. Non ripetere il valore di ogni paese: il lettore li ha già nel grafico e nella tabella. Descrivi a parole la forma della serie e le posizioni relative. Quando serve, spiega in una frase che cosa misura la lente (per esempio: a prezzi 2015 significa al netto dell'inflazione).

## Il contesto

Il contesto rilevante va sempre riportato, che sia o no la causa di un andamento: un dato letto senza il suo contesto è un dato incompleto. Esempio: se i risultati delle prove scolastiche peggiorano nel 2021, va detto che nello stesso periodo le scuole hanno fatto un lungo periodo di didattica a distanza durante la pandemia, senza dire che ne è la causa e senza dire che non lo è.

È rilevante un fatto che tocca direttamente ciò che la serie misura, nel periodo che descrivi:

- le crisi e i periodi elencati in `context`;
- misure eccezionali documentate (chiusure, sospensioni, tetti ai prezzi, sussidi straordinari);
- leggi o riforme che cambiano ciò che viene misurato (nuove regole, nuovi destinatari, nuove scadenze);
- cambi di metodo o di definizione della serie, interruzioni, cambi dell'anno base.

Usa solo fatti certi e documentati da fonti ufficiali; nel dubbio, ometti. Riporta i fatti rilevanti qualunque lettura sembrino favorire. Descrivi il fatto (che cosa, quando), non il suo giudizio. Chiama leggi e misure con il nome ufficiale o per il loro contenuto, mai con il nome di un politico o di un partito.

## Regole, tutte obbligatorie

1. Descrivi andamenti, livelli, differenze tra paesi o tra lenti, e coincidenze temporali con il contesto. Una coincidenza va chiamata tale ("nello stesso periodo", "coincide con").
2. Vietati i nessi causali ("a causa di", "grazie a", "per effetto di", "dovuto a", "because of", "due to", "driven by"), i giudizi, le previsioni e gli aggettivi o avverbi valutativi (record, preoccupante, finalmente, crollo, boom, drammatico, positivo, negativo).
3. Ogni numero che scrivi deve comparire nel JSON: usa i valori di `values` e `changes` così come sono, senza ricalcolarli, sommarli o arrotondarli in altro modo. Vale anche per gli anni e le date del contesto: se un anno non è nel JSON, descrivi il periodo a parole ("negli stessi anni"). Se un confronto richiede un numero che non c'è, descrivilo a parole senza numero.
4. Ogni variazione ha numero, unità e termine di confronto (es. "+0,2 punti rispetto al 2023").
5. Numeri senza separatore delle migliaia. In italiano la virgola decimale (4,1), in inglese il punto (4.1). Scrivi gli anni in cifre; non scrivere numeri in lettere.
6. Chiama i paesi per nome (Italia, Germania, Francia, Spagna, UE-27 / Italy, Germany, France, Spain, EU-27). Non usare i codici e non chiamare "media" il valore dell'UE-27.
7. Solo testo: paragrafi separati da una riga vuota, senza titoli, elenchi, markdown o virgolette.
8. Scegli che cosa descrivere con i criteri della sezione "Che cosa scrivi", non per sostenere una lettura. Riporta aumenti e diminuzioni con le stesse parole e lo stesso rilievo.
9. Non attribuire a governi, partiti o persone il merito o la responsabilità di un andamento, e non nominare orientamenti politici. Se nomini un governo, nomina con lo stesso criterio tutti i governi in carica nel periodo che descrivi; altrimenti non nominarne nessuno.

In August 2026 the unemployment rate in Italy is 6.2%, +0.2 points on July. It is above Germany and the EU-27 and below France and Spain.

The Italian rate rises from 6.9% in January 1983 to around 11% between 1995 and 1999, then falls to 5.9% in April 2007. It rises again to 13.1% in November 2014, the highest value in the series, and since then falls almost without interruption to 5.5% in January 2026; in the following months it rises.

The gap with the EU-27 narrows: in November 2014 Italy is at 13.1% against 10.9% for the Union, in August 2026 the difference is 0.1 points. Since June 2009 Germany has the lowest rate of the comparison; Spain, always the highest in these years, falls from 26.4% in February 2013 to 10.0%.

In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Italian rate falls to 7.6% in March and April and rises again over the summer. In the same period a ban on dismissals is in force, short-time work schemes are widely used, and many people without work stop looking for it: those not looking for work are not counted as unemployed. From 2021 the labour force survey adopts new European rules to define employed and unemployed people.

Model claude-opus-5-5 · generated on 27 Oct 2026 · prompt analisi-v2

687d414ce5bcb0199952baaceb8b48cbe29f2bda4712d2ae9ed2c004185edd19

What it measures

Share of unemployed people in the labour force (aged 15-74), seasonally adjusted. Version published by Eurostat on 21 October 2026.

Methodology

Unemployed people aged 15-74 as a percentage of the labour force, monthly seasonally adjusted data harmonised by Eurostat. The national ISTAT figure may differ in method and revisions.

Source

Eurostat · Unemployment by sex and age, monthly data

une_rt_m

Downloaded on 26 Oct 2026 · CC BY 4.0

Release SHA-256 hash

011e0dd9a35bfd335565484d27e6e363b98ad120d032068d656128073a7a515e

Context layers and attribution rules

Crises
Conventional whole-year periods chosen by the editors; each period's source documents the event. They apply to every EU country. They show temporal coincidences, not causes.
4 periods with source
1. Financial crisis1 Jan 2008 – 31 Dec 2009
2. Sovereign debt crisis1 Jan 2011 – 31 Dec 2012
3. COVID-19 pandemic1 Jan 2020 – 31 Dec 2021
4. Energy crisis1 Jan 2022 – 31 Dec 2022
Governments
Each government covers the period from its swearing-in to the end date given by governo.it. An annual figure is not attributed to a single government: the bands show who was in office during the period, as a temporal coincidence. For public spending, the budget law for year N is passed by the government in office in year N−1.
14 periods with source
1. D'Alema II government22 Dec 1999 – 25 Apr 2000
2. Amato II government25 Apr 2000 – 11 Jun 2001
3. Berlusconi II government11 Jun 2001 – 23 Apr 2005
4. Berlusconi III government23 Apr 2005 – 17 May 2006
5. Prodi II government17 May 2006 – 6 May 2008
6. Berlusconi IV government8 May 2008 – 16 Nov 2011
7. Monti government16 Nov 2011 – 27 Apr 2013
8. Letta government28 Apr 2013 – 21 Feb 2014
9. Renzi government22 Feb 2014 – 12 Dec 2016
10. Gentiloni government12 Dec 2016 – 1 Jun 2018
11. Conte I government1 Jun 2018 – 4 Sept 2019
12. Conte II government5 Sept 2019 – 13 Feb 2021
13. Draghi government13 Feb 2021 – 22 Oct 2022
14. Meloni government22 Oct 2022 – in office

Release history

Every release stays published as it was. Differences are computed against the release published before it.

Values revised since the release of 15 Mar 2024

Reference period	Before	After	Difference
April 2023	7.8	7.9	+0.1 pts
May 2023	7.7	7.8	+0.1 pts
June 2023	7.6	7.5	−0.1 pts
July 2023	7.7	7.8	+0.1 pts
August 2023	7.5	7.6	+0.1 pts
September 2023	7.6	7.7	+0.1 pts
October 2023	7.6	7.7	+0.1 pts
December 2023	7.2	7.1	−0.1 pts
January 2024	7.2	7.1	−0.1 pts